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The first criterion is "whether the size and complexity of the project and the time needed for <br /> completion are significant."35 The policy further defines"significant"as projects estimated to cost <br /> over $25 million, if the project will take place over a multiyear period when construction labor <br /> contracts must be renegotiated,or if the potential for labor disruptions could affect the completion <br /> of the project or"ongoing operations."36 <br /> The second criterion is if"the project is expected to involve a substantial number of trades and <br /> crafts." The third criterion is whether"the need and urgency of the project is such that there could <br /> be harm to the public if completion of the project is delayed due to labor disruptions." The final <br /> criterion is "whether the use of a PLA is otherwise expected to provide cost, efficiency, quality, <br /> safety, and/or schedule benefits to the project." 3' <br /> King County has required PLAs or CWAs on dozens projects over the past decade,most involving <br /> water treatment or conveyance systems. It required a PLA on the Factoria Recycling and Transfer <br /> Station project as well. <br /> In 2015, the City of Seattle established the Priority Hire Program for all city public construction <br /> projects valued at $5 million or more. The program prioritizes the hiring of residents that live in <br /> economically distressed areas, particularly in Seattle and King County. The program also sets <br /> apprentice utilization requirements and goals for hiring women and"people of color."38 <br /> The program requires the Director of Finance and Administrative Services "to negotiate and <br /> execute a CWA that applies to all Covered Projects other than projects deemed impracticable under <br /> Section 20.37.020."39 The exceptions to Chapter 20.37 include work done on an emergency basis, <br /> sole-sourced work, when it violates a grant or agreement with a public agency,projects located in <br /> 3s Ibid. <br /> 36 Ibid. <br /> 37 Ibid. <br /> 38 Seattle Washington-Municipal Code,Title 20-Public Works,Chapter 20.37.50-Community <br /> Workforce Agreement,paragraph A, <br /> https://library.municode.com/wa/seattle/codes/municipal code?nodeld=TIT20PUWOIMPU SUBTITLE I <br /> IPUWO CH2O.37PRHI 20.37.05000WOAG. <br /> 39 Ibid. <br /> The Anticompetitive Effects of Project Labor Agreements on Public Construction in Washington State 14 <br />