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Figure 3. Terminal Avenue train car derailed by landslide (photograph courtesy of Port of Everett). <br />Indirect Impacts/Costs <br />Indirect costs for Amtrak Cascades and Sounder Commuter Rail within the study corridor <br />include disruptions to service and subsequent loss of ridership. Record numbers of service <br />disruptions (total number of cancelled or disrupted passenger trips for Amtrak Cascades and <br />Sounder) occurred during the 2012-2013 season. Costs to the local communities include direct <br />loss of property, devaluation of property, higher insurance costs for homeowners along the bluff, <br />and homeowner costs for repairs and/or prevention. <br />Local jurisdictions, such as the cities of Mukilteo and Everett, identified commuter disruption, <br />impacting time lost to the individual, as well as increased roadway congestion. The impact to <br />property owners can include direct loss of property, but also the expense of repair and/or <br />construction, permitting costs and emotional impact. Some property owners lose access to their <br />property, which requires time, money and effort to repair. For property owners without resources <br />to fix the damages, funding is not available and they are profoundly affected. <br />In addition, the disruption of rail service from a catastrophic event can greatly impact the local <br />and regional economy. These impacts affect the private sector and all governmental agencies, <br />from smaller entities to the state level. <br />6 <br />