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• <br /> • nKLEINFELDER <br /> • <br /> • • Removal and Replacement with Crushed Rock and Geotextile Fabric: Unstable <br /> • subgrade could be over-excavated 12 to 24 inches below existing grade and replaced <br /> • with 3/- or 1-inch crushed rock underlain and/or wrapped by geotextile fabric. The <br /> • geotextile fabric should consist of a woven geotextile, such as Mirafi HP series or <br /> • equivalent. The final depth of removal will depend upon the conditions observed in the <br /> field once overexcavation begins. The geotextile fabric should be placed in accordance <br /> • with the manufacturer's recommendations. <br /> • • Soil Treatment: Unstable subgrade could be stabilized by mixing the upper 12 to <br /> • 18 inches of the subgrade with Portland cement, Class C flyash or lime. For estimating <br /> • purposes, an application rate of 10 to 12 percent Class C flyash, 3 to 5 percent high <br /> calcium quick lime, or 4 to 5 percent Portland Cement may be used. Final application <br /> • rates should be determined in the field at the time of construction in consultation with the <br /> • geotechnical engineer. Chemical treatment should be performed by a specialty <br /> • contractor experienced in this work. Since soil treatment uses the on-site soil, the <br /> • expense of importing material can be avoided. <br /> • <br /> • 4.5.4 Foundation Excavations <br /> • <br /> Spread Footings <br /> • Following excavation to the foundation subgrade elevations, the exposed subgrade should be <br /> • observed by a representative of Kleinfelder to evaluate the presence of satisfactory materials at <br /> • design elevations. If unsatisfactory material, such as soft or disturbed soil, debris or otherwise <br /> • unsuitable soil is present at the base of footing excavations, the unsuitable materials should be <br /> • overexcavated and replaced with structural concrete, 2-sack sand-cement slurry, or structural fill <br /> • to the depth and extent determined by the geotechnical engineer. As a minimum, the contractor <br /> should be prepared to scarify, moisture condition, and re-compact the upper 6 to 8 inches of <br /> footing subgrade. <br /> • Drilled Piles <br /> • <br /> The performance and capacities of piles can be influenced significantly by the selected <br /> 411 <br /> construction methods and procedures used. Construction methods that create large zones of <br /> • <br /> disturbance around the drilled shafts can lead to lower than expected skin friction due to <br /> • excessive stress relief around the shaft length. Drilling of the pile shafts should be accomplished <br /> 40 <br /> using heavy-duty excavation equipment. <br /> • <br /> • <br /> • 20203884.001A/SEA20R110164 Page 20 of 28 June 1, 2020 <br /> ©2020 Kleinfelder <br /> • <br /> • <br />