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0 <br />DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY & SOIL CLASSIFICATION <br />SOT EXPLORATI <br />STANDARD PENETRATION TESTING IS <br />PERFORMED BY DRIVING A 2 - INCH O.D. SPLIT - <br />SPOON INTO THE UNDISTURBED FORMATION AT <br />THE BOTTOM OF THE BORING WITH REPEATED <br />BLOWS OF A 140 -POUND PIN GUIDED HAMMER <br />FALLING 30 INCHES. NUMBER OF BLOWS (N <br />VALUE) REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE SAMPLER A <br />GIVEN DISTANCE WAS CONSIDERED A MEASURE <br />OF SOIL CONSISTENCY. <br />SH SAMPLING: <br />ANGULARITY OF GRAVEL & COBBLES <br />ANGULAR COARSE PARTICLES HAVE SHARP <br />EDGES AND RELATIVELY PLANE SIDES <br />WITH UNPOLISHED SURFACES. <br />SUBANGULAR COARSE GRAINED PARTICLES ARE <br />SIMILAR TO ANGULAR BUT HAVE <br />ROUNDED EDGES. <br />SUBROUNDED COARSE GRAINED PARTICLES HAVE <br />NEARLY PLANE SIDES BUT HAVE WELL <br />ROUNDED CORNERS AND EDGES. <br />SHELBY TUBE SAMPLING IS PERFORMED WITH A `.; ROUNDED <br />THIN WALLED SAMPLER PUSHED INTO THE <br />UNDISTURBED SOIL TO SAMPLE 2.0 FEET OF <br />SOIL. <br />AIR TRACK EXPLORATION: <br />COARSE GRAINED PARTICLES HAVE <br />SMOOTHLY CURVED SIDES AND NO <br />EDGES. <br />SOIL MOISTURE MODIFIER <br />TESTING IS PERFORMED BY MEASURING RATE _ - __.. __. _ <br />OF ADVANCEMENT AND SAMPLES ARE DRY ABSENCE OF MOISTURE; DUSTY, DRY <br />RETRIEVED FROM CUTTINGS. TO TOUCH <br />HAND AUGUR EXPLORATION: MOIST DAMP BUT NO VISIBLE WATER <br />TESTING IS PREFORMED USING A 3.25" WET VISIBLE FREE WATER <br />DIAMETER AUGUR TO ADVANCE INTO THE EARTH - -- -- - - - - - --- - -' <br />AND RETRIEVE SAMPLES. WEATHERED STATE <br />DRIVE PROBE EXPLORATIONS: <br />THIS "RELATIVE DENSITY" EXPLORATION DEVICE <br />IS USED TO DETERMINE THE DISTRIBUTION AND <br />ESTIMATE STRENGTH OF THE SUBSURFACE SOIL <br />AND DECOMPRESSED ROCK UNITS. THE <br />RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IS MEASURED IN <br />BLOWS-PER-1/2 FOOT OF AN 11-POUND HAMMER <br />WHICH FREE FALLS ROUGHLY 3.5 FEET DRIVING <br />THE 0.5 INCH DIAMETER PIPE INTO THE GROUND. <br />FOR A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THIS <br />GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION METHOD, THE <br />SLOPE STABILITY REFERENCE GUIDE FOR <br />NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE UNITED STATES, <br />VOLUME I, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF <br />AGRICULTURE, EM-7170-13, AUGUST 1994, P. 317- <br />321. <br />CPT EXPLORATION: <br />CONE PENETROMETER EXPLORATIONS CONSIST <br />OF PUSHING A PROBE CONE INTO THE EARTH <br />USING THE REACTION OF A 20-TON TRUCK. THE <br />CONE RESISTANCE (QC) AND SLEEVE FRICTION <br />(FS) ARE MEASURED AS THE PROBE WAS <br />PUSHED INTO THE EARTH. THE VALUES OF QC <br />AND FS (IN TSF) ARE NOTED AS THE LOCALIZED <br />INDEX OF SOIL STRENGTH. <br />FRESH <br />NO VISIBLE SIGN OF ROCK MATERIAL <br />WEATHERING; PERHAPS SLIGHT <br />DISCOLORATION IN MAJOR <br />DISCONTINUITY SURFACES. <br />SLIGHTLY <br />DISCOLORATION INDICATES <br />WEATHERED <br />WEATHERING OF ROCK MATERIAL AND <br />DISCONTINUITY SURFACES. ALL THE <br />ROCK MATERIAL MAY DISCOLORED <br />BY WEATHERING AND MAY BE <br />SOMEWHAT WEAKER EXTERNALLY <br />THAN ITS FRESH CONDITION. <br />MODERATELY <br />LESS THAN HALF OF THE ROCK <br />WEATHERED <br />MATERIAL IS DECOMPOSED AND/OR <br />DISINTEGRATED TO SOIL. FRESH OR <br />DISCOLORED ROCK IS PRESENT EITHER <br />AS A CONTINUOUS FRAMEWORK OR AS <br />CORE STONES. <br />HIGHLY <br />MORE THAN HALF OF THE ROCK <br />WEATHERED <br />MATERIAL IS DECOMPOSED AND/OR <br />DISINTEGRATED TO SOIL. FRESH OR <br />DISCOLORED ROCK IS PRESENT EITHER <br />AS DISCONTINUOUS FRAMEWORK OR <br />AS CORE STONE. <br />COMPLETELY <br />ALL ROCK MATERIAL IS DECOMPOSED <br />WEATHERED <br />AND/OR DISINTEGRATED TO SOIL. THE <br />ORIGINAL MASS STRUCTURE IS STILL <br />LARGELY INTACT. <br />SOIL. THE MASS STRUCTURE AND <br />MATERIAL FABRIC IS DESTROYED. <br />THERE IS A LARGE CHANGE IN VOLUME, <br />BUT THE SOIL HAS NOT BEEN <br />SIGNIFICANTLY TRANSPORTED. <br />