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Ow Ml 104"0111 N � MW 1) <br />International Building Code (IBC) 2015 Edition <br />Washington State Building Code (Washington Administrative Code (WAC) Title 51) <br />Notional Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS), 2015 Ed. <br />American Concrete Institute, ACI 318-14 <br />Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-10 <br />40 <br />at I <br />I w-i;ltjiiltemt*l <br />= 1 <br />_h%1M11.1[M111A1 .1 <br />ill' <br />M rod 11111 <br />3. SPECIFICATIONS <br />3.1 Design, material and workmanship shall be in accordance with the latest version of the following Codes And Standards contained herein, <br />unless otherwise modified on the drawings or specifications. <br />libil' �4 <br />I I 11#11 IN 1#1 <br />Has, <br />------------- - ------- <br />L CAST -IN -PLACE CONCRETE <br />4,1 Cost -in -place normal -weight concrete materials, mixing, placing, and testing shall conform to IBC Chapter 19, with mix design in <br />conformance with ACI 211.1 & 301. <br />4.2 Material specifications, unless noted otherwise: <br />USE <br />MIN. 28-DAY <br />MAX, WATER -CEMENT RATIO <br />NON -AIR ENTRAINED <br />AIR ENTRAINED <br />FOOTING <br />2500 PSI (5-SACK) <br />0.67 <br />0.54 <br />ALL OTHER <br />3000 PSI (6-SACK) <br />1 0.58 <br />1 0.46 1 <br />Use Type I cement unless noted otherwise. Use Type I -A cement where air entrainment is required. Slump shall be 4 inches plus or <br />minus I inch per ASTM C94-16. <br />4,3 Water -reducing admixtures conforming to ASTM C494 may be incorporated in the concrete design mixes and be used in strict accordance <br />with the manufacturer's recommendations, subject to Engineer's approval. <br />4,4 An air -entraining agent conforming to ASTM C260 shall be used in all concrete mixes for slabs and other flotwork to be exposed to <br />weather. The amount of entrained air shall be 5% plus or minus 1% by volume. <br />4.5 Accelerating admixtures may be used in concrete mix design, provided that they conform to ASTM C494 Type C or E. <br />4.6 Special inspection and testing is required for all reinforced concrete except for foundation concrete with a designated compressive strength <br />not exceeding 2500 PSI and nonstructural slobs on grade. <br />4.7 For each class of concrete where testing is required, the special inspector shall take not less than one set of three 4'W cylinders for <br />each day of concrete placement, or for each pour, or not less than one set for each 150 cubic yards of concrete, or not less than one <br />set for each 5,000 square feet of surface area for slobs or walls. <br />43 During periods of cold weather, botching, placing, and curing of concrete shall conform to ACI 306R. Do not place concrete on frozen <br />subgrade or in contact with forms, reinforcing, or embeds that are less than 35F. <br />4"9 During periods of hot weather, botching, plocing, and curing of concrete shall conform to ACI 305R. <br />4A0 Anchor bolts, dowels, and other embedded items shall be securely tied in position prior to concrete placement. <br />4.11 Do not add water at site. Maximum drop during placement is three feet. Consolidate concrete with a mechanical Vibrator as required. <br />4.12 All exposed surfaces shall receive a steel trowel finish unless noted otherwise. Do not dust surfaces with dry cement to remove water. <br />4.13 Concrete shall be maintained in a moist condition for a minimum of five days after placement or sealed with a curing compound applied in <br />two coats at right angles. Follow manufacturer's application instructions and do not exceed recommended coverage. <br />4.14 Keyed construction joints shall be used in all cases except slabs on grade. All construction joints, including connections to pre-existing <br />concrete shall be clean and free from foreign substances, loose material or laitance. Where noted on drawings as "roughened," <br />mechanically roughen (so as to fracture coarse aggregate) entire surface to at least 1/4" amplitude and remove all loose material. <br />Dampen joints for at least 1/2 hour prior to new pour but leave no standing water. All vertical joints shall be thoroughly wetted and <br />slushed with a coat of neat cement immediately before placing new concrete. <br />4.15 Pipes other than electrical conduits shall not be embedded in structural concrete except where specifically approved. Do not embed <br />aluminum conduits and sleeves in concrete. <br />4.16 Placing of concrete shall be in accordance with ACI-301 and ACI-304. <br />4.17 Pumping or pneumatic conveying equipment shall be of suitable kind with adequate pumping capacity. Pneumatic placement shall be <br />controlled so that segregation is not apparent in the discharge concrete. The loss of slump in pumping or pneumatic conveying equipment <br />shall not exceed 2 inches, Concrete shall not be conveyed through pipe made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. <br />4,18 Generally, the aggregate size shall not be more than 1Y2 inches for the footings and 34 inches for the walls and columns. Proportions of <br />aggregate to cement for any concrete mix shall be such as to produce a mixture which, consistent with the method of placing, will work <br />readily into corners and angles of the forms and around the reinforcement without permitting the materials to segregate or excess water <br />to collect on the surface. <br />ANCHOR BOLTS IN -CONCRETE <br />5.1 Galvanized threaded parts, bolts, nuts, and washers exposed to weather unless noted otherwise per ASTM A153. <br />5.2 Material specifications shall be as follows, unless noted otherwise: <br />Anchor Bolts: ASTM A307, Grade A; ASTM F1554, Grade 36; or as indicated per plan <br />Threaded rod: ASTM A36 <br />Nuts: ASTM A563 <br />Washers: ASTM F436 <br />5.3 Provide anchor bolt configuration as shown including diameter, spacing, projection, embedment, and end configuration. <br />5.4 Install 1/2" diameter x 10" long anchor bolts at 4'-0" 0/0 and 6" to 12" from each end at wood sill plates unless noted otherwise. <br />5.5 Anchor bolts for holdowns shall be Simpson SSTB per drawings unless noted otherwise. Install anchors per ICC Report ESR-2611 and the <br />manufacturer's recommended procedure. Deepen footing as required to maintain 3 inches clear under the anchors. <br />6. REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE <br />6.1 All reinforcing steel shall be free from loose rust and other coatings that would inhibit reinforcing bond. <br />6.2 Bar detailing and support of reinforcing bars in forms shall conform to the CRSI Manual Of Standard Practice, unless shown atherwise on <br />the plans. <br />6.3 Reinforcing steel shall not be bent or displaced for the convenience of other trades unless approved by the structural engineer. <br />6.4 Reinforcing steel shall be deformed bars from new billets conforming to ASTM AI Grade 60 (or AI Grade 420) for #5 bars and <br />larger, and to ASTM A615, Grade 40 (or A615M, Grade 280) for #4 bars and smaller. <br />6.5 Bars conforming to the metric specifications and grades shown above in the metric sizes shown below may be substituted for the bars <br />shown on the drawings. Bar spacing, embedment and lap lengths, reinforcing cover, bends, and hooks remain the same. <br />6.6 Fabrication and placement of reinforcing in concrete shall conform to IBC section 1905. Lap all reinforcing bars at all splices, corners, and <br />intersecting walls per table below, unless noted otherwise: <br />is <br />Use TOP rein arcing values for horizontal bars with more than of concrete below them in the casting pos on. Lap lengths, in <br />inches, are based on normal weight concrete and a minimum 2 1 spacing and 1 Db cover, per ACI 318-11. The sizes shown (#xx) are the <br />corresponding metric bar sizes. Wire all the lap splices. <br />6.7 Minimum cover over reinforcement, unless noted otherwise: <br />Concrete placed on earth: 3 inches <br />Concrete exposed to earth or weather: 2 inches <br />Other conditions, u.n.o.: 1Y2 inches <br />6.8 Reinforcing steel welding shall be performed by WABO certified welders and shall conform to Structural Welding Code (AWS D1.4-11). Use <br />EBOXX electrodes for A706 bars and E90XX electrodes for A615 bars unless noted otherwise. Field welds shall have special inspection per <br />IBC section 1705.3.1. <br />6.9 Reinforcing bars, bolts, anchors, dowels, & metal inserts shall be securely tied in position prior to concrete placement. Reinforcing shall be <br />supported on chairs or slab bolsters (with distribution plates if required) or concrete dobies prior to concrete placement. Support spacing <br />shall not exceed 10 feet in each direction. <br />=W11,10II, 1IIIII1111"t <br />7.1 Plain welded wire fabric shall conform to ASTM A82 and A185 with fy = 65 ks! minimum. Lap fabric one space + 2" or 6" minimum at <br />sides and ends. <br />7.2 Deformed welded wire fabric shall conform to ASTM A496 and A497 with fv = 70 ksi minimum. Lap fabric 8" minimum at sides and ends. <br />8. FIBROUS REINFORCING IN CONCRETE <br />8.1 Fibrous reinforcing shall have a current ICC Evaluation Report listing. Submit mix design to the Engineer for review. <br />&2 Fibers shall be mixed and concrete placed per the ICC Report and the manufacturer's instructions. <br />9. SLABS ON GRADE <br />9.1 See foundation plan for concrete slab thickness and finish requirements. <br />9.2 Reinforcing bars or welded wire fabric shall be as noted on drawings placed 1 to 1-1/2" below the top of the slob. Two -course work or <br />pulling reinforcing up during concrete placement is not permitted. <br />9.3 See foundation details for typical slab jointing. <br />9.4 All slob joints must be free of dirt and debris before they are sealed with semi -flexible, epoxy joint filler. <br />9.5 Floor slabs shall be level to within 1/4" in any 10 foot length except as noted. Flatness shall be checked with a 10 foot straight edge at <br />random locations within 24 hours of each slab placement and construction procedures revised if required. <br />9.6 Exterior slabs and interior slabs that drain shall be sloped 1/8" in 12" minimum and 1/4" in 12" maximum unless noted otherwise, <br />9.7 If a geotechnical report is not available for this particular project, the soil properties shall be referenced to Table 1806.2 of IBC, in which <br />allowable sell bearing pressure is taken as 1500 psf as the default value. <br />9.8 Concrete slabs shall be placed over 4 ofminus crushed rock with less than 5% fines, unless noted otherwise in a geotechnical report. <br />Ya <br />At office areas, slabs shall be placed over a 4 mil vapor barrier over 2" of sand over 4" of 9/8" minus crushed rock with less than 5% <br />fines. <br />10. MOD FRAMING <br />10.1 Materials are to meet or exceed those shown below, with moisture content not to exceed 19% for sawn lumber and less than 16% for <br />Glulams. <br />Glue -Laminated Beams <br />24F-V4- or 24F-V8, as noted on plans <br />Posts & Beam <br />Douglas -Fir (DF) #2 <br />Studs, Sills & Plates <br />Hem/Fir (HF) or SPF, Stud Grade, U.N.O. <br />Sawn Joists <br />Hem/Fir (HF) #2 <br />Rim Joist (I -Joists) <br />MIN. 14' Thick 1.3E LSL Rim Boards <br />Rim Joists (2x Joists) <br />2x Hem/Fir HF Matching Joist Depth <br />Blocking & Bridging <br />Hem/Fir (HF) Construction Grade <br />Commercial Connectors <br />Simpson Strong -Tie, per plan. Provide Full Catalog Nailing and/or bolting. <br />Fabricator connectors <br />As detailed on plans <br />Roof Sheathing <br />716" 5 ply CDX or OSB, APA rated sheathing w/ ply clips or T&G <br />Wall Sheathing <br />7t6` 5 ply CDX or OSB, APA rated sheathing, U.N.O. <br />Floor Sheathing <br />3/4"' T&G, APA rated STURD-I-FLOOR, blocking required under all edges, glued & nailed. <br />Panel Adhesive <br />Per APA Spec AFG-01 <br />10. WOOD FRAWNG, CONT. <br />10.2 Unless noted otherwise, use double joists under walls or partitions parallel to joists. Solid block under partitions perpendicular to joists. <br />10.3 For solid joists, Provide blocking or cross -bridging at 8'-0" O.C. maximum spacing and solid blocking at bearing points. Provide double <br />joists each side of openings unless detailed otherwise. <br />10.4 Support joists not less than 2-1/2' onto beam or plates. Mere framing into the face of the support, use not less than Simpson <br />LU-series hangers. <br />10.5 No structural member shall be cut or notched unless specifically shown & approved by the Structural Engineer, <br />MIS Do not notch joists in middle half of the span. Limit depth of notch to 1/6" the depth of the joist, except as detailed, Locate bore <br />holes within the middle 1/3 of the depth of the joist, not to exceed 2-1/2" in diameter. <br />10.7 Provide typical nailing per IBC Table 2304.10.1 where not called out on the plans. All nails are to be common or go van ze box, unless <br />noted otherwise. "16d Vinyl coated sinkers' may be used in lieu of 10d commons, however, they may not be used to replace 16d <br />commons. Pre -drill as required to avoid splitting. <br />10.8 Where high moisture levels are present, use galvanized fasteners and galvanized hardware and fittings. <br />10.9 Log bolts or screws shall be hex -or square- head steel bolts with cut threads. Use washers under heads. Pre -drill holes with bit <br />approximately 60% of shank diameter. Install bolts by turning with a wrench, not by driving with a hammer. <br />10.10 Machine bolts shall be ASTM A307 blots, unless noted otherwise. Use washers under head and nut. Bolt holes shall be nominal diameter <br />of bolt plus 1/16" u.n.o. <br />10JI All sheathing shall be installed with staggered end lops with support at all panel edges by means of clips, blocking or T&G joints. <br />10.12 Where wood panels are fastened to steel framing, use 110 or larger self -drilling screws with tapered head. Head of screw to be flush with <br />the face of the sheet. Spacing and edge distance to be the same as for nails unless noted atherwise. <br />10.13 The manufactured roof and floor system shall be designed for all dead loads plus the live, snow, wind and seismic loads identified above <br />and the requirements of the current edition of the IBC. Additional requirements include: <br />Sprinkler system loads per current code or as specified in this contract document <br />Mechanical equipment loading (see mechanical drawings) <br />Any additional loading called out on the drawings. <br />10.14 Cants, arc e s and over -framing shall be placed <br />11111111111 a 'mom ` ! 1111111111111111111 lI 11 <br />11. WOOD TRUSSES <br />11.1 Trusses shall be manufactured with wood webs and chords. Lumber shall be kiln dried to a moisture content of 19% or less. Truss joints <br />shall be fastened with light metal plate connectors of galvanized steel that conform to ANSI/TPI 1-2014 pressed into both sides of the <br />wood members. <br />allIllimillill MOM- luslil�v MIN &I'll'oh 1 <br />11.3 For all the individual trusses identified as "strut/truss" in the plans, they shall be designed to resist the specified axial loads in addition to <br />the pertinent vertical loads. <br />11.4 Shop drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer and Building Official for review prior to fabrication. Shop drawings shall be sealed by a <br />Civil Engineer licensed in the State of Washington who is responsible for the design. The manufacturer shall design and provide all required <br />bridging and bracing between the trusses. The supplier shall submit a Certificate of Compliance to the Engineer and Building Official per <br />IBC section 1704.2.5. <br />11.5 Trusses shall be erected and installed in accordance with the drawings, approved shop drawings and manufacturer's instructions. <br />Contractor shall notify the Engineer prior to enclosing the trusses to provide opportunity for review of the installation. Cutting or field <br />alteration of trusses is not permitted. <br />12. WOOD I JOISTS <br />12.1 Wood I Joists shall be manufactured with webs glued to the flanges with waterproof glue. <br />12.2 Joists shall be manufactured by. Trus Joist (ESR-1153). <br />12.3 Substitution of another product requires approval of the Engineer. Equivalent joists shall have the some or greater capacities for shear, <br />moment, and deflection. <br />12.4 Joists shall be designed to fit dimensions shown on the drawings and for loads shown above; include any concentrated mechanical loads on <br />floor (verify weight and location with mechanical Contractor). All designs shall be in accordance With allowable values assigned by a current <br />[CC Evaluation Report. Live load deflection shall be limited to L/360 & L/480 for roof and floor framing, respectively, unless noted <br />otherwise. <br />12.5 Shop drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer and Building Official for review prior to fabrication. Shop drawings shall be sealed by a <br />Civil Engineer licensed in the State of Washington who is responsible for the design. The manufacturer shall design and provide all required <br />bridging and bracing between the joists. The supplier shall submit a Certificate of Compliance to the Engineer and Building Official per IBC <br />section 1704.2.5. <br />12.6 Joists shall be erected and installed in accordance With the drawings, approved shop drawings and manufacturer®s instructions. Contractor <br />shall notify the Engineer prior to enclosing the joists to provide opportunity for review of the installation, Cutting or field alteration of <br />joists is not permitted, <br />13, ENGINEERED WMEER <br />13.1 All engineered lumber shall conform to a current ICC Evaluation Report. Minimum specifications: <br />14 I GENERAL CONDITIONS <br />14.1 All materials and construction shall conform to the drowings, these notes, and any specifications for this project. <br />14.2 During the construction period, the Contractor shall be responsible for the safety of the construction project, including all excavation <br />procedures, The Contractor shall provide adequate lagging, shoring, underpinning, bracing, guys and protection of adjacent property, <br />structures, streets, and utilities in accordance with all national, state, and local safety ordinances. <br />14.3 DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS. <br />14.4 All information shown on the drawings relative to existing conditions is given as the best present knowledge, but without guarantee of <br />accuracy. Where actual conditions conflict with the drawings they shall be reported to the Engineer so that the proper revisions may be <br />made. Construction modifications shall not be made without written approval of the Engineer. <br />14.5 Provide vertical support and lateral bracing for electrical and mechanical equipment, vents, ducts, and piping per the applicable code <br />requirements. <br />14.6 Where these plans, the project manual, and the specifications do not state specifically, the minimum provisions of the 2015 International <br />Building Code (iBC) shall apply. Good standards and workmanship shall be employed throughout the entire project. See the specifications <br />for detailed rrI and methods. In case of conflict between these structural notes, the project manual and the drawings, the most <br />specific will govern. <br />14.8 No deviations from the contract documents shall be made without written consent of the engineer. If deviations from the plans are made <br />e General shall release ones Engineers,Inc. from any an a claims <br />without notification to and approval from the engineer, <br />that are in any way related to this project. The General Contractor shall further agree to defend, hold harmless and indemnify Jones <br />Engineers, Inc. from any and all claims by any third persons that are in any way related to the project. <br />14.9 Window and door assemblies shall meet or exceed the requirements specified in ASTM E330 with a design pressure not less than 50 psf, <br />15. PROJECT COORDINATION <br />15.1 The Contractor is responsible for coordinating the work of oil trades and shall check oil dimensions, The Contractor shall ensure that <br />subcontractors and fabricators receive all applicable design information including geotechnical reports, drawings, notes, and specifications. <br />Any discrepancies shall be called to the attention of the Engineer and be resolved before proceeding with the work. <br />15,2 Architectural, mechanical, plumbing, and electrical drawings shall be used to define detail configurations including, but not limited to: <br />relative location at members, elevations, size and location of floor and wall openings, floor recesses, accessible facilities, ducts, pipes and <br />pipe sleeves, electrical conduit, and other items to be embedded in concrete or otherwise incorporated in the structural work. <br />16. SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES <br />-build drawings, product data, and supporting calculations shall be submitted to the Engineer or <br />16.1 Shop drawings, erection drawings, design <br />review as noted below. <br />16.2 Submit one set of prints and one set of reproducible drawings, or four sets of prints maximum, to the Engineer prior to fabrication or <br />construction. Allow 5 business days for review. All submittals shall include the name, address, and phone number of the manufacturer, <br />fabricator, supplier, and the design engineer, as applicable. <br />16.3 The Contractor shall review and approve all submittals before release to the Engineer. Reference plans and details as applicable. <br />Deviations from design drawings shall be clearly marked as such. Send one record set of the revised submittal where corrections are <br />noted but resubmittal is not required. <br />16.4 If the fabricator's drawings are the sole design, differ in design, or add to the design of the structural drawings, they shall be stamped by <br />a Civil Engineer registered in the State of Washington responsible for said design. Calculations submitted are for information only and will <br />not be stamped or returned except at the option of the Engineer. <br />16.5 Review is only for general conformance with the design concept of the project and general compliance with the information included in the <br />Contract Documents. Any markings or comments are subject to the requirements of the design drawings and specifications. Contractor is <br />responsible for correlating and confirming dimensions, choice of fabrication processes and techniques of construction, coordination of his <br />wark with other trades, and performing the work in a sofa and so is ac cry <br />17. TESTING AND INSPECTION <br />17.1 In addition to the inspections made by the Building Official per IBC Section 110, all special inspection and testing shall comply with IBC <br />Sections 1704, 1705 and other applicable building code sections. Special inspections are required for the following work: <br />Im. 11 <br />UAKM RIM <br />17.3 The special inspector shall observe the work for conformance with the design drawings and specifications and furnish inspection reports to <br />the Building Official and the Engineer. All discrepancies shall be brought to the immediate attention of the Contractor, Engineer, and the <br />Building Official. The special inspector shall submit a final signed report stating whether the inspected work was in conformance with the <br />design drawings and specifications and the applicable provisions of the building code. <br />17.4 Special inspections per IBC Section 1704 are required unless fabricator is approved per Section 1705.2. <br />15. EQVIA10 AND -FILL <br />18.1 All footings shall bear on undisturbed ground or structural fill and shall be a minimum of 18 inches below grade unless noted otherwise on <br />the drawings. <br />18.2 Footings shall not be located over subsurface utility lines, tanks, large organic deposits, or other obstructions. If footing excavations reveal <br />subsurface objects, the area shall be over excavated, the objects shall be removed, and the excavation backfilled as noted below. <br />18.3 Foundation excavations shall be examined and approved by the Engineer or a testing laboratory approved by the Owner, and the Building <br />Official prior to the placement of any reinforcing steel or concrete. Not required for R-3 construction. <br />1&4 Material for filling and backfilling shall consist of the excavated material and/or imported borrow and shall be free of organic matter, trash, <br />lumber, or other debris. <br />18.5 Fill and backfill shall be deposited in layers not to exceed 8" thick for heavy equipment and 4' thick for hand operated equipment. The fill <br />shall be properly moistened to approximate optimum requirements and thoroughly rolled or compacted with approved equipment in such a <br />manner and extent as to produce a relative compaction of 95% of maximum dry density for optimum moisture content as determined by <br />AS7iA 0 1557, Each lift shall be tested for compliance with compaction requirements by an approved laboratory. <br />18.6 Hand tampers shall weigh at least 50 lbs each and shall have a face areo not in excess of 64 square inches. Hand tamper may be <br />operated either manually or mechanically and shall be used only where larger power driven compaction equipment cannot be used. <br />18.7 Backfill around the retaining walls exterior sternwalls shall not be placed for a minimum of 7 days after the completion of interior floor <br />systems unless walls are adequately braced. Backfill shall not be placed until after completion and inspection of dampproofing. <br />183 Drainage backfill behind retaining wall shall be at least 24" thick and extend from the base of the wall to within one foot of the finished <br />ground surface behind the wall. This backfill shall consist of drainage send and gravel as shown below. <br />18.9 Drainage bockfill shall be compacted per notes above in lifts not to exceed 4 inches for hand -operated equipment. Each lift shall be <br />tested for compliance with compaction requirements by an approved laboratory. <br />18.10 Do not operate heavy equipment adjacent to the wall within a distance equal to the height of the wall during backfill and compaction. <br />Hand tampers for compaction shall be per notes above. <br />19. PRODUCT SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURES <br />19.1 Proposed substitutions for the specified products and materials must be submitted to the Owner and the Engineer for review prior to <br />fabrication or construction. Provide complete documentation that shows equivalency with the specified product or material. Substitutions <br />indicated or implied on shop drawings or product data submittals will not be considered. <br />19.2 Substitutions are strictly subject to the approval of the Owner and the Engineer. If approved, the Contractor shall bear the cost of any <br />redesign required by the alternate product or material. <br />" I.M&M1012 <br />4-1 <br />Q) <br />ate <br />0 <br />00 <br />0 <br />0 <br />THIS DOCUMENT, CONSISTING OF PLANS, DESIGNS AND SPECIFICATIONS <br />IS AN INSTRUMENT OF OUR PROFESSIONAL SERVICE AND THIS <br />DOCUMENT SHALL REMAIN THE PROPERTY OF JONES ENGINEERS, INC. <br />WE GRANT 1-112 PERSONS/COMPANY NAMED ON THIS SHEET A S2mO <br />ONE-11ME USE OF THIS DOCUMENT AT THE LOCATION SPECIFIED <br />HEREON. ANY RE -USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, <br />IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED WITHOUT WRII-IZN PERMISSION. <br />