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3. Use the following seeding and planting BMPs,or equivalent BMPs,to obtain information on grass mixtures,temporary and permanent seeding procedures,maintenance of a recently planted area,and fertilizer application rates: Temporary Seeding, Mulching, and Matting;Clear Plastic Covering; Permanent Seeding and Planting;and Sodding as described in Volume II,Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. 4. Selection of desired plant species can be made by adjusting the soil properties of the subject site. For example,a constructed wetland can be designed to resist the invasion of reed canary grass by layering specific strata of organic matters(e.g.,compost forest product residuals)and creating a mildly acidic pH and carbon-rich soil medium. Consult a soil restoration specialist for site-specific conditions. 5.Aerate lawns regularly in areas of heavy use,where the soil tends to become compacted.Aeration should be conducted while the grasses in the lawn are growing most vigorously. Remove layers of thatch greater than 3/4-inch deep. 6. Mowing is a stress-creating activity for turf grass. When grass is mowed too short, its productivity is decreased and there is less growth of roots and rhizomes.The turf becomes less tolerant of environmental stresses,more disease prone,and more reliant on outside means such as pesticides,fertilizers,and irrigation to remain healthy. Set the mowing height at the highest acceptable level and mow at times and intervals designed to minimize stress on the turf. Generally mowing only one-third of the grass blade height will prevent stressing the turf. Suggested BMPs for Irrigation 1.The depth from which a plant normally extracts water depends on the rooting depth of the plant. Appropriately irrigated lawn grasses normally root in the top 6 to 12 inches of soil; lawns irrigated on a daily basis often root only in the top 1 inch of soil. Improper irrigation can encourage pest problems, leach nutrients,and make a lawn completely dependent on artificial watering. The amount of water applied depends on the normal rooting depth of the turf grass species used,the available water holding capacity of the soil,and the efficiency of the irrigation system. Consult with the Snohomish Conservation District, or WSU Cooperative Extension office to help determine optimum irrigation practices. Suggested BMPs for Fertilizer Management 1. Turf grass is most responsive to nitrogen fertilization,followed by potassium and phosphorus. Fertilization needs vary by site depending on plant,soil,and climatic conditions. Evaluation of soil nutrient levels through regular testing ensures the best possible efficiency and economy of fertilization. For details on soils testing,contact the Snohomish Conservation District or Cooperative Extension Service. 2.Fertilizers should be applied in amounts appropriate for the target vegetation and at the time of year that minimizes losses to surface and groundwater. Do not fertilize during a drought or when the soil is dry.Alternatively,do not apply fertilizers within 3 days prior to predicted rainfall. The longer the period between fertilizer application and either rainfall or irrigation,the less fertilizer runoff occurs. 3. Use slow release fertilizers such as methylene urea, IDBU,or resin coated fertilizers when appropriate, generally in the spring. Use of slow release fertilizers is especially important in areas with sandy or gravelly soils.