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Liquefaction -induced free -field ground settlement of the potentially liquefiable zones was estimated using <br />the semi -empirical approaches proposed by Tokimatsu and Seed (1987), Ishihara and Yoshimine (1992), <br />and Idriss and Boulanger (2008) at the MCE level on B-1, B-2, and B-4 since these three borings went down <br />to the glacially consolidate soils while the other three borings (B-101 through B-103) stopped at a shallower <br />depth. Our analyses indicate that the site (under existing conditions) could experience liquefaction -induced <br />free -field ground settlement on the order of 16 to 24 inches during an MCE seismic event, as shown in the <br />Liquefaction -Induced Free -Field Ground Settlement, Figure 5. The differential liquefaction -induced <br />settlements are anticipated to be on the order of 0.3 to 3.2 inches over a horizontal distance of 50 feet. <br />4.3. Lateral Spreading and Kinematic Loads <br />Lateral spreading involves lateral displacements of large volumes of liquefied soil. Lateral spreading can <br />occur on near -level ground as blocks of surface soils are displaced relative to adjacent blocks. Lateral <br />spreading can also occur as blocks of surface soils are displaced towards a nearby slope or free -face by <br />movement of underlying liquefied soil. In the case of this project site, lateral spreading could occur during <br />earthquakes resulting in the excessive movement of the buildings. <br />4.3.1. Earthquake -Induced Lateral Ground Deformations <br />Earthquake -induced lateral ground deformations were evaluated by performing slope stability analyses and <br />simplified Newmark analyses for the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) intraslab source since the intraslab <br />source has the highest percent contribution per deaggregation. <br />4.3.LL Slope Stability Analysis <br />Slope stability analyses were completed on Cross Section A -A' using Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) with a <br />commercial software, Slope/W, developed by GEO-SLOPE International, Ltd. <br />The slope stability was evaluated under static, seismic, and post -earthquake conditions. <br />4.3.1.2. Soil Properties <br />The soil properties that were used in the slope stability analyses are listed in Table 3, where static strengths <br />were used in static condition for all soil units. We assumed that liquefaction occurs during the earthquake; <br />therefore, in seismic and post -earthquake conditions, residual friction angles were used in the liquefied <br />soils (below groundwater table and above liquefaction depth); 80 percent of static strengths were used in <br />the soils above groundwater table; and full static strengths were used in the soils (non -liquefiable) below <br />liquefaction depth. <br />GEOENGINEERS <br />April 1.2022 Page 5 <br />File No. 06 6-030 00 <br />