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Step 4. EXCAVATION Correct excavation of the pool is very important. A hole that is too small can mean hours of picking and shoveling by hand. A hole that is too large will require extra recommended backfill material, which if not dealt with properly, can result in settling or bulging of the pool. The excavation should be dug very close to the pool size with a minimum disturbance to the unexcavated soil which will sup- port the pool. The clearance is approximately 6" on the sides and 6" on the ends (see Figure 2). The use of an excava- tion bucket with a grading blade attached will cause less disturbance to the soil than an excavation bucket with teeth. NOTE: THE MEASUREMENTS PROVIDED BELOW ENABLE THE BUILDER TO SET THE SHELL WITHIN A FEW INCHES OF LEVEL. LIFT THE SHELL AND ADJUST THE BASE AS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE LEVELNESS OF THE SHELL WITHIN THE INDUSTRY STANDARD. Figure 2 - Pool Shell Depth Dimensions 38' 3'-8" --t 2'-6" +2' 2' 2' 2' 2. + 2. + 2' -—2' -t2' t 2' t 2, — 2, _-2,_9" 5._ 1 " 1 1 5'-9" 5, 6„ 5'_3" 5'-0—" 4'-92„ 4,_6�„ 4'_32 4'-1" 3'-10" 3, 6" 3'_6„ 29'-51 The depth of the excavation is determined with the use of a transit level and grade pole. The bottom of the excavation is over dug approximately 4" This size pool will require approximately 40 to 45 yards of 1/2 inch cruched, washed clean an- gular stone or sand free of foreign material for backfill (more may be required if the excavation is significantly over -dug). The excavation should be 17' by 39, with a total depth of approximately 3'-10" (shallow end) to approximately 7'-4" (deep end) from the desired elevation of the pool. It can be helpful to give yourself extra room the first 6" in width and 12" in length of the hole, to get past the coping, and allow space for the skimmer and bottom suction fittings (if any). Also, keep in mind that the wall of our pools are tapered, usually 1" in for every 12" in depth. A place for the skimmer must also be dug in the side of the excavation wall. The skimmer cutout should be 2' by 2' and 3' deep. See Figure 1 for placement. Pools with tanning ledges require the tanning ledge area excavated to the depth stated in Fig. 1 plus 4" for bedding material. Never use excavated material as fill or backfill in the hole; the material will settle. We suggest 1/2 inch crushed, washed clean angu- lar stone or sand free of foreign material compacted thoroughly (a plate tamper is recommended for the pool base). The fill material used for the pool base must also be used to backfill around the sides of the pool shell. In the case of significant over excavation on the sides of the pool or in seasonal high water or poor drainage areas, you may want to mix 10% Portland cement with the backfill for stabilization. In order to be in compliance with Latham's recommended guidelines Latham requires that a permanent sump pipe (see Figure 3) be installed on all pools. A gravity fed "daylight drain" is preferred to a permanent sump pipe instal- lation, if applicable. The purpose of the sump pipe installation (or daylight drain) is to provide a means of checking for groundwater around the pool and allow for dewatering the site prior to any work on the pool that requires lowering the water level within the pool shell, thus minimizing potentially high hydrostatic pressure. Latham recommends the installation of a perma- nent sump pump in areas with a high water table and/or significant ground water. Latham suggests digging an 18" x 8' x 18" trench across the deep end of the excavation. Six inches of 1/2"clean gravel should be placed in the bot- tom of the trench. A section of 3" perforated PVC pipe is placed on the rock base and connected to a vertical stand of 8" PVC pipe running to the surface of the excavation. Cover the new sump line with landscaping fabric. The 8" PVC riser pipe should be trimmed with a skimmer ring and lid for aesthetics and safety. After the connection has been made to the vertical stand of 8" PVC, finish covering the 3" perforated PVC pipe with 1/2"to 1"clean gravel to the bottom of the excavation (see Figure 3). The bottom of the excavation is now ready for approximately 4" of base material. Be sure to secure the skim- mer lid (with screws) to the ring attached to the top of the vertical 8" PVC. Figure 3 - Sump Pipe Installation SIOMMER LID AND RING Y. INCH CRUSHED, WASHED CLEAN ANGULAR STONE OR SAND FREE OF FOREIGN MATERIAL FIBERGLASS POOL SHELL FIBER MATTING Y; INCH CRUSHED. WASHED CLEAN ANGULAR STONE 12" 1,_L:�'/.INCH CRUSHED, WASHED " ^ CLEAN ANGULAR STONE 3" PERFORATED PIPE INCH CRUSHED, WASHED CLEAN ANGULAR STONE 8" PIPE 61