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Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) MAJOR DIVISIONS SYMBOL TYPICAL DESCRIPTION Clean Gravels GW Well -graded gravels, gravels, gravel -sand mixtures, little or no fines Gravels (less than 5% GP (more than 50% fines) (j` Poorly graded gravels, gravel -sand mixtures, little or no fines of coarse fraction GM retained on No. 4 Gravels with Silty gravels, gravel -sand -silt mixtures COARSE sieve) Fines GC Clayey gravels, gravel -sand -clay mixtures GRAINED (more than 12% fines) SOILS (more than 50% sw retained on Clean Sands Well -graded sands, gravelly sands, little or no fines No. 200 sieve) Sands (less than 5% sP (50% or more fines) Poorly graded sand, gravelly sands, little or no fines of coarse fraction passes the No. 4 sieve) Sands with sM Silty sands, sand silt mixtures Fines (more than 12% SC fines) Clayey sands, sand -clay mixtures ML Inorganic silts of low to medium plasticity, sandy silts, gravelly silts, or clayey silts with slight plasticity Silts and Clays (liquid limit less Inorganic OL Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays FINE GRAINED than 50) silty clays, lean clays Organic OL Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity SOILS (50% or more passes the MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sands or silty soils, No. 200 sieve) elastic silt Silts and Clays (liquid limit 50 or Inorganic CH Inorganic clays of medium to high plasticity, sandy fat clay, more) or gravelly fat clay Organic OH Organic clays of medium to high plasticity, organic silts HIGHLY ORGANIC Primarily organic matter, dark in color, PT Peat, humus, swamp soils with high organic content (ASTM D4427) SOILS and organic odor 1 Classification of Soil Constituents 1 MAJOR constituents compose more than 50 percent, by weight, of the soil. Major constituents are capitalized (i.e., SAND). Minor constituents compose 12 to 50 percent of the soil and precede the major constituents (i.e., silty SAND). Minor constituents preceded by "slightly" compose 5 to 12 percent of the soil (i.e., slightly silty SAND). Trace constituents compose 0 to 5 percent of the soil (i.e., slightly silty SAND, trace gravel). Relative Density (Coarse Grained Soils) Consistency (Fine Grained Soils) N, SPT, Relative N, SPT, Relative Blows/FT Density Blows/FT Consistency 0-4 Very loose Under 2 Very soft 4 - 10 Loose 2-4 Soft 10 - 30 Medium dense 4-8 Medium stiff 30 - 50 Dense 8 - 15 Stiff Over 50 Very dense 15 - 30 Very stiff Over 30 Hard Cobalt Geosciences, LLC P.O. Box 82243 Kenmore, WA 98028 (2o6) 331-1097 www.cobaltgeo.com cobalt eg o(&gmail.com Grain Size Definitions Description Sieve Number and/or Size Fines <#200 (0.08 mm) Sand -Fine #200 to #40 (0.08 to 0.4 mm) -Medium #40 to #10 (0.4 to 2 mm) -Coarse #10 to #4 (2 to 5 mm) Gravel -Fine #4 to 3/4 inch (5 to 19 mm) -Coarse 3/4 to 3 inches (19 to 76 mm) Cobbles 3 to 12 inches (75 to 305 mm) Boulders >12 inches (305 mm) 1 Moisture Content Definitions 1 Dry Absence of moisture, dusty, dry to the touch Moist Damp but no visible water Wet Visible free water, from below water table Soil Classification Chart Figure Ci