2730 W MARINE VIEW DR 2025-09-03

STO N IiTERRA' WALL SYSTEM NOTES ON DESIGN UNITS The wall section is designed on a'per unit width bases' (lb/ft/ft of wall or kN/m/meter of wall). In the calculations the software shows lb/ft or kN/m, neglecting the unit width factor for simplicity. The weights for the wall unit are shown as lbs/ft3 (kN/m3). For SRW design a 1 sf unit is typically 1 ft deep, 1.5 ft wide and 8 inches tall (or 1 ft3). therefore a typical value-of 120 pcf is shown. With larger units the unit weight will vary with the size of the unit. Say we have 4 ft wide unit, 1.5 ft tall and 24 inches deep with a tapered shape(sides narrow), built with 150 pcf concrete. We add up the concrete, the gravel fill and divide by the volume and the results may come out to 140 pcf, as shown in the table. The units with more gravel may have lower effective unit weights based on the calculations. Hollow Units Hollow units with gravel fill are treated differently in AASHTO. If the fill can fall out as the unit is lifted, then AASHTO only allows 80% of the weight of the fill to be used for eccentricity(overturning calculations). In the properties page for the units the weight of the concrete may be as low as 75 pcf. This is the effective unit weight of the concrete only (e.g. the weight of the concrete divided by the volume of the unit). The density of the concrete maybe 150 pcf, but not the effective weight including the volume of the void spaces used for gravel fill. Rounding Errors When doing hand calculations the values may vary from the values shown in the software. The program is designed using double precision values (64 bit precision: 14 decimal places). Over several calculations the results may differ from the single calculation the user is making, probably inputting one or two already rounded values. Result Rounding As noted above the software is based on double precision values. For example, using an NCMA design method an allowable factor of safety of 1.5 the software may calculate a value of 1.49999999999999, since this is less than 1.5, it would be false (NG), even though the results shown is 1.50 (results are rounded to 2 places on the screen). In the design check we round to 2 decimal places to check against the suggested value(1.49999999999 rounds to 1.50). Given the precision of the calculation, this will provide a safe design even though the 'absolute'value is less than the minimum suggested. Note: Calculations and quantities are for PRELIMINARY ANALYTICAL USE ONLY and MUST NOT be used for final n or construction without the independent review, verification, and approval by a qualified professional engineer. UltraWall 5.0.19183 6