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' Jackson's aka PacWest Energy LLC JN 13465 <br /> December 9, 2013 Page 8 <br /> ' DRAINAGE CONSIDERATIONS <br /> Foundation drains should be used where (1) crawl spaces or basements will be below a structure, <br /> ' (2) a slab is below the outside grade, or (3) the outside grade does not slope downward from a <br /> building. Drains should also be placed at the base of all earth-retaining walls. These drains should <br /> be surrounded by at least 6 inches of 1-inch-minus, washed rock and then wrapped in non-woven, <br /> ' geotextile filter fabric (Mirafi 140N, Supac 4NP, or similar material). At its highest point, a <br /> perforated pipe invert should be at least 6 inches below the bottom of a slab floor or the level of a <br /> crawl space, and it should be sloped for drainage. All roof and surface water drains must be kept <br /> separate from the foundation drain system. A typical drain detail is attached to this report as Plate <br /> 9. For the best long-term performance, perforated PVC pipe is recommended for all subsurface <br /> drains. <br /> ' The excavation and site should be graded so that surface water is directed off the site and away <br /> from the tops of slopes. Water should not be allowed to stand in any area where foundations, <br /> slabs, or pavements are to be constructed. Final site grading in areas adjacent to a building should <br /> ' slope away at least.2 percent, except where the area is paved. Surface drains should be provided <br /> where necessary to prevent ponding of water behind foundation or retaining walls. <br /> PAVEMENT AREAS <br /> New pavements, where they are constructed, can be supported on competent, native soil, on <br /> structural fill, or on existing fill compacted to a 95 percent density. Because the site soils are silty <br /> and moisture sensitive, it is important that the pavement subgrade be in a stable, non-yielding <br /> ' condition at the time of paving. Granular structural fill or geotextile fabric may be needed to stabilize <br /> soft, wet, or unstable areas. To evaluate pavement subgrade strength, we recommend that a proof <br /> roll be completed with a loaded dump truck immediately before paving. In most instances where <br /> unstable subgrade conditions are encountered, an additional 12 inches of granular structural fill will <br /> stabilize the subgrade, except for very soft areas where additional fill could be required. The <br /> subgrade should be evaluated by Geotech Consultants, Inc., after the site is stripped and cut to <br /> grade. Recommendations for the compaction of structural fill beneath pavements are given in the <br /> ' section entitled General Earthwork and Structural Fill. The performance of site pavements is <br /> directly related to the strength and stability of the underlying subgrade. <br /> ' The pavement for lightly loaded traffic and parking areas should consist of 2 inches of asphalt <br /> concrete(AC) over 4 inches of crushed rock base (CRB) or 3 inches of asphalt-treated base(ATB). <br /> We recommend providing heavily loaded areas with 3 inches of AC over 6 inches of CRB or 4 <br /> ' inches of ATB. Heavily loaded areas are typically main driveways, dumpster sites, or areas with <br /> truck traffic. Increased maintenance and more frequent repairs should be expected if thinner <br /> pavement sections are used. <br /> ' The pavement section recommendations and guidelines presented in this report are based on our <br /> experience in the area and on what has been successful in similar. situations. As with any <br /> pavements, some maintenance and repair of limited areas can be expected as the pavement ages. <br /> Cracks in the pavement should be sealed as soon as possible after they become evident, in order <br /> to reduce the potential for degradation of the subgrade from infiltration of surface water. For the <br /> same reason, it is also prudent to seal the surface of the pavement after it has been in use for <br /> several years. To provide for a design without the need for any maintenance or repair would be <br /> uneconomical. <br /> 1 <br />