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Proposed View Ridge Subsurface Exploration, Geologic Hazards, Infiltration Potential, <br /> Elementary School Replacement and Preliminary Geotechnical Engineering Report <br /> Everett, Washington Geologic Hazards and Mitigations <br /> 6.1 Surficial Ground Rupture <br /> Generally, the largest earthquakes that have occurred in the Puget Sound area are sub-crustal <br /> events with epicenters ranging from 50 to 70 kilometers in depth. Earthquakes that are <br /> generated at such depths usually do not result in fault rupture at the ground surface. However, <br /> current research indicates that surficial ground rupture is possible in the South Whidbey Island <br /> Fault Zone. The South Whidbey Island Fault Zone is not thoroughly mapped or well <br /> understood. We are not aware of detailed maps of active faults in the project area. The best <br /> available mapping depicts multiple traces of the South Whidbey Island Fault, all oriented <br /> northwest-southeast and passing more than 1 mile to the south of the site. We are available to <br /> discuss current research related to surface faulting in the project area. <br /> 6.2 Seismically Induced Landslides <br /> In our opinion, the risk of seismically induced landslides at this site is low due to the moderate <br /> inclination of site slopes and the presence of relatively dense soils at shallow depths. <br /> 6.3 Liquefaction <br /> Liquefaction is a process through which unconsolidated soil loses strength as a result of <br /> vibrations, such as those which occur during a seismic event. During normal conditions, the <br /> weight of the soil is supported by both grain-to-grain contacts and by the fluid pressure within <br /> the pore spaces of the soil below the water table. Extreme vibratory shaking can disrupt the <br /> grain-to-grain contact, increase the pore pressure, and result in a temporary decrease in soil <br /> shear strength. The soil is said to be liquefied when nearly all of the weight of the soil is <br /> supported by pore pressure alone. Liquefaction can result in deformation of the sediment and <br /> settlement of overlying structures. Areas most susceptible to liquefaction include those areas <br /> underlain by non-cohesive silt and sand with low relative densities, accompanied by a shallow <br /> water table. <br /> The site is underlain by advance outwash sediments that are very dense and not saturated above <br /> a depth of approximately 39 feet. The liquefaction potential of the site is therefore low, in our <br /> opinion. We did not complete a detailed liquefaction analysis, and none is warranted, in our <br /> opinion. <br /> 6.4 Ground Motion <br /> Structural design of buildings should follow the current applicable building code. The <br /> applicable code at the time this report was written is the 2009 International Building Code <br /> (IBC). The site soils are consistent with 2009 IBC Site Class "C", as defined in Table <br /> September 22, 2010 ASSOCIATED EARTH SCIENCES, INC. <br /> BWG/tb-KEI00255A2-Projects 2WWD0255IKEIWP Page 8 <br />