2300 MERRILL CREEK PKY 2025 ZAP ENERGY 2025-11-04

i 7 L ZAP ENERGY The following table compares the limiting concentrations arising from literature values for the LFL and LC50 of the three solvents of interest. In all cases 1% LC50 produces a significantly stricter limit than 25% LFL. Identifying the Limiting Case Substance Flammability LFL in 25%LFL Health Inhalation LC50 1% LC50 Hazard Air (Limiting Hazard (Limiting Rating ' Concentration) Rating Concentration) Acetone 3 2.6% 0.65%(15.7 1 50.1 mg/L(rat 8 0.50 mg/L mg/L) hr) 76 mg/L(rat 4 hr) Ethanol 3 3.3% 0.83%(15.9 2 38 mg/L(rat 10 hr) 0.38 mg/L mg/L) 39 mg/L(mouse 4 hr) 117-125 mg/L(rat 4 hr) Isopropanol 3 2.0% 0.50%(12.5 1 40 mg/L(rat 8 hr) 0.40 mg/L mg/L) 53 mg/L(mouse) 72.6 mg/L(rat) 72.6 mg/L(rat 4 hr) The following table identifies the evaporation rates of the three solvents of interest within typical Griffin-style beakers. Evaporation rates were estimated following the method identified on pages 89 and 90 of the"Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid"section within "Chemical Process Safety-Fundamentals with Applications, 2nd Edition" by Crow[ and Louvar. In all cases an open-topped beaker of solvent is unable to introduce enough solvent vapor into the room to exceed the 1% LC50 limiting concentration. Beaker Volume Beaker Inner Acetone Ethanol Isopropanol Diameter Evaporation Rate Evaporation Rate Evaporation Rate 50 mL 1.5" 3.7 mg/s 0.7 mg/s 0.7 mg/s 100 mL 2" 6.5 mg/s 1.2 mg/s 1.2 mg/s 250 mL 2.5" 10.2 mg/s 1.9 mg/s 1.9 mg/s 500 mL 3.25" 17.2 mg/s 3.3 mg/s 3.2 mg/s 1000 mL 4" 26.0 mg/s 5.0 mg/s 4.9 mg/s Limiting evaporation rate to remain below 27.1 mg/s 20.6 mg/s 21.7 mg/s 1%LC50 in a 13,440 cf. room with 115 cfm ventilation: