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If caissons are constructed adjacent to an existing caisson, the latter will experience settlement <br />induced from the stress overlap. The settlements are estimated to be 1/8 or less if the I8-inch <br />wall-to-wall spacing is maintained. <br />5.2.4 Downdrag <br />Downdrag loads may be experienced by caissons located within the organic -rich zone <br />identified on Plate 9. The downdras loads would result from the long term decomposition and <br />compression of organic materials accompanied by settlement of the overlying fill soils. Downdmg <br />loads will be highest at locations where the highly organic pockets an located deepest within the <br />fill layer. We estimate that downdrag beds of up to 350 kips may occur for 3 feet diameter sharp <br />and 500 kips for 4 diameter shafts. This lad will be in addition to that imposed by the proposed <br />structure itself. Since the distribution of these highly organic pockets within the fill layer appears <br />to be quite variable, we recommend that all caissons within the organic -rich sotto be designed for <br />the above -mentioned downdrag load magnitudes. We know of no reasonable means of reducing <br />the dowadrag effect on cast -in -place caissons. <br />5.2.5 Cnnff�gn <br />The proposed caisson foundation may have caisson lengths vary between 20 feet to 140 feet. <br />Obstructions are expected in the fill soils. The obstruction materials may include old concrete <br />pieces, boulders, tree trunks and other construction debris. Previous caisson installation records <br />indicate caving problems in the random fill. Temporary steel ,sing was used in the previous <br />construction and should be anticipated for the current expansion. Note that the City of Everett <br />requires that the length to diameter ratio be less than 30 for caissons poured without permanent <br />casings. <br />For deep caissons, the hole may be advanced with a combination of cuing and drill mud. In <br />any cue, concrete should be tremied in place. If cuing is to be retrieved, the top of the concrete <br />a•005.00695.016\ssoa0?W.aW <br />00695.509.016 11 <br />