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� i <br /> � <br /> � <br /> I . ;'� <br /> . <br /> :: `� <br /> -sy{, <br /> .Y� <br /> � <br /> �l�ia:`._w�...�.,._ ..�_"" .. � � <br /> lund for n IroucL runduil ��•here tL� c idtl� of ircuch :it ndded lo tl�e barkfill lu;id in cumputing the trquired <br />� thc top o[ �hc pipc is rscc...ivc. G nlsu is a prar�ii•ul sir��ngll� of Ihe conduit. � <br /> mcthod fnr reducing tl�r load on an exi.aing linr n•lirn ];i�id p;�v�mrnis gmatly rcduce thc percentage ni thc <br /> sdditional fill is to be placcd ot•cr il. l'umu�uctiun of cunccu�ru�ed �chi��l luud transmittcd lo lhe enl��ert. <br />� thi, type �cns uxd by iUlnnin, Ga., �chcu ;u� rsisting 1'lic maguitud�� o( ihis losd cnu be c�dc«lated using �� <br />� dS-in. sc�scr �cns cot•ered �rith uddition:;l (ill r;mging Pcrti�nl Pressures ort Cuh:rrls C�rider ll'hre! Lnads ort ', <br /> trom GO to 78 ft. in L��ight, to prrmit expnn�iou of the Coacre(e Parrmen( .SIaGs.* <br /> Southmn Rail«•ay frright }':u•d. 'Phr prujcct ��us com- i <br /> plMed in lhe full of 195(i. 5ub.rqurnt di�tailcd inepeo- Allowahle fill heights <br /> II tions shoticcd the pipc to bc r:u•rving thr adc!itional fill '1':ibles o[ nllo«'ahle fill heights and required pipe <br /> «'ith no signs of distrevs or load dam;�ge \o���ttl��ment strcu�ths (ur rcintotced conc�cte pipe cuhcrts ure <br /> ha� occuned at thc lop o( the fill.* printed iu Embonkmcitf Cond«it D-1,oads for R/C <br /> Culncr! Pipe.* <br /> SURFACE LOADS •pvailablc �cithuuL charRc only in the United Stnles nnd <br /> Iu addit.ion to ihc tccight o( ihc I)pCI;C1II mnlPl'IaI, :ln}' Cunnda frum tLc Purtl:md Ccmrut:155ocintion. <br /> othcr lond on thc sur(ace o��cr thc conduit incm:isc�: thc <br /> load on tLe emiduiL 7'able 1G gi��es the percentage of � <br /> such londa trnnsmitted te thc conduit for curi��us i4 ' ° <br /> dcpths aud �cidihs o(conduits. This t:iblc �cas prepat�d I �"' " <br /> u�ing the formuln nnd methods dr�•eloprd by \L C;. ' �? � o <br /> �pangler and R. L. Iicnncesy�,'*Sncli lu:id�arc of m�jor �2 � � o <br /> imporlaucr, n�liem :t Ironch or projecting rond«it is K�=0.13 � <br /> placed under a Uaf�ict^ay ��•ith ff I'CI�IICCIl' ,liallon� I o <br /> co��ering ut carth. 3Iott•rvcr, except for Inrge conduits, io <br /> tlie pm�centage of load trau�mitled tn ihe cnnduit Ior m � � o� <br /> depths grenter tl nn 6 ft. �s in�i nificaut. 14herc thr, x " <br /> surtace load; arc ot s�gwuant ��alue thet• shottld be o e - � rey <br /> xo <br /> '\I. G. Ep:mgler, "A Prneticnl Applictlinr. uf �hc Impedect -'- p <br /> Dilch lfethod uf Conslruction," Prorrrrling,e, Higlncay Re- > 6 _ -1"�. <br /> senrch 13uurd, Col. 3i, 1955. i +'L� I <br /> "\i.G.Fpnnglur nnd R.I..IIcuncssc,":1 Jfethod of Computing I . <br /> Live Lunds TrnnsmitleJ to Underground Cnnduits," 1'ro- ' ' <br /> rcc;(ing!', ?6tl� Annuul Diecling, FIigh�v:�v Resesrrh lloard, Qi �-- - . <br /> 19dG, puge 1i0. , <br /> � / I IY.�=0.19 <br /> 2 <br /> TABLE 16. Approximate percentage of total static �� <br /> concentrated surface loads transmitted to con- o <br /> duits' c � a 6 e io iz <br /> per foot for 3-ft. length of conduit and impact factor Values of coefliCienf C� <br /> of 1.0 Fig. 18. Cor,7putation diagram for earth•fill loads on <br /> a�,m�rss�,�s projecting emhankment cunduits. <br /> Ou!side diameter Depth ol backiill ahove top of condui;(H�),tt. <br /> oi conduit,in. z q 6 B 10 <br /> 1G 10.3 3. 1.7 09 � 0.7 <br /> 30 1E,5 6.1 3.0 1,8 1.1 <br /> 44 20.0 E.4 4.3 2.5 1.E <br /> 58 21.7 10.1 5.4 3.3 2.1 <br /> 72 22.6 11.4 E,3 3 9 2,6 <br /> 100 23.4 1'1..9 7J 5.0 3.5 <br /> 'Froceetlings. Hlghway fiusearch Boa�7,Vol.[G, 1946, pa�e ]79. <br /> 1 <br /> ���._ -F�CiPo <br /> L <br /> {V„=pressure on ConAult dne to surlace load in pounds per linear <br /> �ooi <br /> �=ICn�ih ol canduit seclion(ussumet185 3�t.C in.in table abuve) <br /> �r=Coe�iicienl lrom tables by N.N..Newmz�L.Q935)v 4 <br /> F�=impnr.t lactor(ussumed zs 1.0 in table nLuve may v�rv Ir�m �,5 <br /> to 2.G lo� movmp loads on unsuriareA niphways), ASCE P�o� <br /> cecnmgs.Vo1.73,Jan.-0ec.1947,uaFta671 � <br /> Pa=wei�!ht ol concenlrntetl sur�acc loatl in pountls <br /> 39 <br /> '�w.�,�.__ .____'_- . <br /> � <br />