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The following table outlines the results of laboratory studies <br /> regarding the effect of fluoride on genetic damage in mammals. The Aging Factor <br /> 1984 Tokyo Medical and Dental human fluoride causes <br /> Year Institution Animal Findings University(Japan) blood cells genetic damage <br /> 1973 Russian Research Institute rat fluoride causes 1985 Medical Research Council, human fluoride causes <br /> of Industrial Health and genetic damage Edinburgh(UK) blood cells genetic damage <br /> Occupational Diseases <br /> 1986 University of Sussex(UK) mouse fluoride causes <br /> 1974 Columbia University mouse/ fluoride causes lymphoma genetic damage <br /> College of Physicians sheep/cow genetic damage cells <br /> and Surgeons(USA) <br /> 1987 Paterson Institute for human cell fluoride causes <br /> 1978 Pomeranian Medical human fluoride causes Cancer Research (UK) culture genetic damage <br /> Academy(Poland) blood cells genetic damage <br /> 1987 National Institute of mouse fluoride causes <br /> 1979 National Institute of mouse fluoride does Environmental Health lymphoma genetic damage <br /> Dental Research(USA) i not*cause Sciences(USA) cells <br /> genetic damage <br /> \ <br /> 1987 ICI Pharmaceuticals(UK) human fluoride causes <br /> 1981 Institute of Botany, rat fluoride causes blood cells genetic damage <br /> Baku(USSR) (3 studies) genetic damage <br /> 1987 Institute of Pitaniia(USSR) rat bone fluoride causes <br /> 1982 University of Missouri, mouse fluoride causes marrow cells genetic damage <br /> Kansas City(USA) genetic damage <br /> 1989 Proctor and Gamble(USA) hamster fluoride causes <br /> 1983 Kunming Institute of Zoology deer fluoride causes ovary cells genetic damage <br /> (Peop. Rep. China) genetic damage <br /> 1989 Nippon Dental University, human cell fluoride causes <br /> 1983 Kunming Institute of Zoology human fluoride causes Tokyo(Japan) culture genetic damage <br /> (Peop. Rep. China) blood cells genetic damage <br /> 1984 Nippon Dental University, hamster fluoride causes • <br /> Tokyo(Japan) embryo cell genetic damage *A prepublication copy of this paper was submitted as an exhibit in <br /> a court case in Pittsburgh(USA).During trial,it was brought out <br /> that the gesults showed that increasing the fluoride content of <br /> 1984 Nippon Dental University, human cell fluoride causes drinking water increased genetic damage in mouse testes cells. <br /> Tokyo(Japan) culture genetic damage Before the pajer was}�ubhshed these fi s were altered so as to <br /> 'destroy the original figures showing a relation between fluoride and <br /> genetic damage(see Chapter 16). <br />