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• <br /> • <br /> • <br /> • <br /> 6.12.2 Resistance to Sliding • <br /> Lateral loads on footings can be resisted by passive earth pressure on the sides of the structures • <br /> and by friction on the base of the footings. An allowable passive resistance may be calculated as <br /> a triangular pressure distribution, using an equivalent fluid density of 300 pcf. The upper • <br /> 12 inches of adjacent unpaved areas should not be considered when calculating passive 40 <br /> resistance. A coefficient of friction equal to 0.30 may be used when calculating resistance to • <br /> sliding for foundations in direct contact with sand and silt. Foundations in contact with crushed • <br /> rock should be designed using a coefficient of friction of 0.40. <br /> • <br /> 6.13 UTILITIES • <br /> We understand that new utilities will be installed as part of this project. These utilities will cross • <br /> the site, including areas with different subsurface conditions. We recommend that these utilities <br /> be designed to account for 2 inches of long-term settlement and 1 inch of differential settlement • <br /> over a distance of 100 feet. The "Seismic Hazards" section of this report describes additional • <br /> seismic settlement that could occur during a design-level earthquake. • <br /> 6.14 RETAINING STRUCTURES • <br /> 6.14.1 Assumptions • <br /> Our retaining wall design recommendations are based on the following assumptions: (1)the 410 <br /> walls consist of conventional, cantilevered retaining walls, (2)the walls are less than 12 feet in <br /> height, (3) the backfill is drained and consists of imported granular material, and (4)the backfill <br /> has a slope flatter than 4H:1 V. Re-evaluation of our recommendations will be required if the • <br /> retaining wall design criteria for the project varies from these assumptions. • <br /> • <br /> 6.14.2 Wall Design Parameters • <br /> For unrestrained retaining walls, an active pressure of 35 pcf equivalent fluid pressure should be • <br /> used for design. Where retaining walls (such as basement stem walls) are restrained from <br /> rotation prior to being backfilled, a pressure of 55 pcf equivalent fluid pressure should be used • <br /> for design. A superimposed seismic lateral force should be calculated based on a dynamic force . <br /> of 7H2 pounds per linear foot of wall (where H is the height of the wall in feet). The load should . <br /> be applied as a distributed load with the centroid located at a distance of 0.6H above the base of <br /> the wall. • <br /> • <br /> If surcharges (e.g., retained slopes, building foundations, vehicles, terraced walls, etc.) are • <br /> located within a horizontal distance from the back of a wall equal to the height of the wall, then . <br /> additional pressures will need to be accounted for in the wall design. Our office should be <br /> contacted for appropriate wall surcharges based on the actual magnitude and configuration of • <br /> the applied loads. • <br /> • <br /> The base of the wall footing excavations should extend a minimum of 18 inches below the <br /> lowest adjacent grade. The wall footings should be designed in accordance with the guidelines • <br /> provided in the appropriate portion of the "Foundations" section of this report. At locations • <br /> where there is a slope in front of the retaining wall, we recommend that a minimum 5-foot-wide, • <br /> horizontal bench be placed between the wall and the top of the slope. • <br /> • <br /> G EODESIGNZ 20 Polygon-128-01:091615 • <br />