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� <br /> • � _ JN 97072 <br /> James Pirie • <br /> . March 18, 1997 Page 6 <br /> be placed beneath the slab. Additionally, sand should be used in the ime-grading process to <br /> reduce damage to the vapor b��rier, to provide uniform support under the slab, and to reduce <br /> shrinkage cra;.king by improving the ccncrete curing process. <br /> Permanent Foundation and RetaininG Wa11s <br /> Retaining walls back911ed on only one side should be designed fo resist tt e lateral earth pressures <br /> imposed by the soil they retain. The following recommended design parameters are for walls that <br /> restrain level backfill: . <br /> Parameter Desiqn Value �_ <br /> � <br /> �-a�. S •,� <br /> Active Earth Pressure' 35 pcf �c Zi � <br /> Passive Earth Pressure 350 pcf _ <br /> Coefficient of Friction 0.45 <br /> Soil Unit Weight 130 pcf <br /> Where: <br /> . 1. pcf is pounds per cubic foot. <br /> 2. Active and passive earth pressures are <br /> computed using the equivalent fluid <br /> � densities. <br /> .> <br /> ' For a restrained wall that cannot deflect i <br /> at least 0.002 times its height, a I, <br /> uniform lateral pressure equal to 10 psf �v�?? I <br /> times the height of the wall should be --' � <br /> added to the above active equivalent <br /> fluid pressure. • "' <br /> � <br /> The values given above are to be used to design permanent foundation and retaining walis only. � <br /> The passive aressure given is appropriate for the depth of level, structural fill placed in front of a � <br /> retaining or fouridation wall only. VVe recommend a safety factor of at least 1.5 for overturning and � <br /> sliding, when using the above values to design the walis. <br /> The design values given above do not include the effects of any hydrostatic pressures behind the h <br /> walis and assume that no surcharge slopes or loads, such as vehicles, will be placed behind the � <br /> walls. If these conditions exist, those pressures should be added to the above laterai soil <br /> pressures. Also, if sloping backfill is desired behind the walls, we will need to be given the wall <br /> dimensions and the slope of the backfill in order to provide the appr�priate design earth pressures. <br /> The surcharge due to traffic loads behind a wall can typically be accounted for by adding a uniform <br /> pressure equal to 2 feet multiplied by the above active fluid density. <br /> Heavy construction equipment should not be operated behind retaining and foundation walls within <br /> a distance equal to the height of a wall, unless the walls are designed for the additional lataral <br /> pressures resulting from the equipment. The wall dzsign criteria assume that the backfill will be <br /> ��20 <br /> ' UGOTECH CONSULTANTS,INC. <br /> - - , r�'� '�' � � �%� �i <br /> ' � _,,,. �p�'< f ' > ' , ;ta� <br /> , ^ y <br /> �(� { f <br /> f p Y J� � i <br /> � I �}�y .ed 5 tt l p i J �� <br /> fi f � ,f <br /> - i+� �, �Y,^^eY y � r .J,j% i' {r j f � '' � rt•'(il <br /> '.i � - a � "k T{V ,�.Y.- . Y :_i{� <br /> _ � 1 S i'" c "�,� ` �* J: '� r� t aj { <br /> � <br /> . . .: t � 4 �S. ���1.'iv.�-�1w%Y...�i' f.1:. . . , . . ,. � _ ... . r.x/?�a'I <br />