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OSHA NIEHS Oil Spill Cleanup Training Tool A& <br />Sulfur Dioxide (SO,) <br />SO, is released when burning crude oil and <br />during degredation. <br />Health Risks: <br />Short-term exposures to SO,, ranging <br />from 5 minutes to 24 hours, can cause <br />adverse respiratory effects including <br />bronchoconstriction and increased asthma <br />symptoms. <br />• When reacting with other compounds in the SO, Plume <br />atmosphere to form small particles, they can <br />penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory <br />disease, such as emphysema and bronchitis, and can aggravate existing heart disease, <br />leading to increased hospital admissions and premature death. <br />• EPA set a 24-hour primary standard at 140 ppb and an annual average standard at 30 <br />ppb, and set a 3-hour average secondary standard at 500 ppb. <br />• The NIOSH recommended exposure limit is 5 ppm for a 15 minute period and 2 ppm <br />for an 8-hour time weighted average. The ACGIH Threshold limit value (TLV) is the <br />same. The OSHA PEL is 5 ppm for an 8-hour time weighted average. <br />Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates. <br />WORKER EDUCATION & TRAINING PROGRAM 47 <br />