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We recommend PCC pavements incorporate construction joints and/or crack control joints spaced <br />maximum distances of 12 feet apart, center -to -center, in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. <br />Crack control joints may be created by placing an insert or groove into the fresh concrete surface during <br />finishing, or by sawcutting the concrete after it has initially set-up. We recommend the depth of the crack <br />control joints be approximately one-fourth the thickness of the concrete; or about 1.5 inches deep for the <br />recommended concrete thickness of 6 inches. We also recommend the crack control joints be sealed with <br />an appropriate sealant to help restrict water infiltration into the joints. <br />4.6.4. Asphalt -Treated Base <br />If pavements are constructed during the wet seasons, consideration may be given to covering the areas to <br />be paved with ATB for protection. Light -duty pavement areas should be surfaced with at least 3 inches of <br />ATB, and heavy-duty pavement areas should be surfaced with at least 6 inches of ATB. Prior to placement <br />of the final pavement sections, we recommend the ATB surface be evaluated and areas of ATB pavement <br />failure be removed and the subgrade repaired. If ATB is used and is serviceable when final pavements are <br />constructed, the CSBC can be eliminated, and the design PCC or asphalt concrete pavement thickness can <br />be placed directly over the ATB. The contractor may need to increase the thickness of these recommended <br />ATB sections based on planned heavy equipment and construction traffic loading. <br />4.7. Drainage Considerations <br />The contractor should anticipate shallow perched groundwater conditions may develop and seepage may <br />enter excavations depending on the time of year construction takes place, especially in the spring and <br />winter months. However, we expect this seepage water can be handled by digging interceptor trenches in <br />the excavations and pumping from sumps. The seepage water if not intercepted and removed from the <br />excavations will make it difficult to place and compact structural fill and may destabilize cut slopes. <br />All paved and landscaped areas should be graded so surface drainage is directed away from the buildings <br />to appropriate catch basins. <br />Water collected in roof downspout lines must not discharge into or be routed to the perforated pipes <br />intended for footing or wall drainage. <br />4.8. Infiltration Considerations <br />Sieve analyses were performed on selected soil samples collected from the test pits that were completed <br />as part of this study. The soil samples typically consisted of fill, native weathered or relatively unweathered <br />glacial soils. Design infiltration rates for glacially consolidated deposits based on grain size analyses are <br />not recommended by the Washington State Department of Ecology Storm Water Management Manual <br />(2014). <br />Based on our analysis, it is our opinion that the on -site native glacial soils have a very low infiltration <br />capacity. The majority of the soils across the site are composed of glacially consolidated, dense glacial till <br />and stiff to hard glaciolacustrine deposits with a relatively high fines content, which limits the infiltration <br />capacity. The results of the sieve analyses indicated that the fines content (material passing the U.S. <br />No. 200 sieve) typically ranges from about 36 to 98 percent. Due to the density of the native glacial soils <br />and relatively high fines content, infiltration should be assumed to be very low when designing infiltration <br />7 <br />L <br />GEOENGINEERS� October30, 2019 Page 19 <br />File No. 21288-002-00 <br />1� <br />L <br />