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Opportunity Zone Development LLC JN 19162 <br />June 6, 2019 Page 14 <br />designed by a specialty consultant familiar with the expected subsurface conditions and proposed <br />construction. Plate 9 presents typical considerations for foundation drains at shoring walls. <br />Footing drains placed Inside the building, outside of the building, or behind backfilled walls should <br />consist of 4-inch, perforated PVC pipe surrounded by at least 6 Inches of 1-inch-minus, washed <br />rock wrapped in a non -woven, geotextile filter fabric (Mirati MON, Supac 4NP, or similar material). <br />At its highest point, a perforated pipe invert should be at least 6 Inches below the level of a crawl <br />space or the bottom of a floor slab, and It should be sloped slightly for drainage. All roof and <br />surface water drains must be kept separate from the foundation drain system. <br />In any un-shored areas, footing drains outside of the building should be used where: (1) crawl <br />spaces or basements will be below a structure; (2) a slab is below the outside grade; or, (3) the <br />outside grade does not slope downward from a building. A typical footing drain detail is attached to <br />this report as Plate 10. Clean -outs should be provided for potential future flushing or cleaning of <br />footing drains. <br />It the structure includes an elevator, It may be necessary to provide special drainage or <br />waterproofing measures for the elevator pit. If no seepage into the elevator pit is acceptable, it will <br />be necessary to provide a footing drain and free -draining wall backflll, and the walls should be <br />waterproofed. It the footing drain will be too low to connect to the stone drainage system, then It will <br />likely be necessary to install a pumped sump to discharge the collected water. Alternatively, the <br />elevator pit could be designed to be entirely waterproof; this would Include designing the pit <br />structure to resist hydrostatic uplift pressures. <br />As a minimum, a vapor retarder, as defined in the Slabs -On -Grade section, should be provided in <br />any crawl space area to limit the transmission of water vapor from the underlying soils. Crawl space <br />grades are sometimes left near the elevation of the bottom of the footings. As a result, an outlet <br />drain is recommended for all crawl spaces to prevent an accumulation of any water that may <br />bypass the footing drains. Providing a few Inches of free draining gravel underneath the vapor <br />retarder Is also prudent to limit the potential for seepage to build up on top of the vapor retarder. <br />No groundwater was observed during our field work. If seepage is encountered In an excavation, it <br />should be drained from the site by directing it through drainage ditches, perforated pipe, or French <br />drains, or by pumping It from sumps interconnected by shallow connector trenches at the bottom of <br />the excavation. <br />The excavation and site should be graded so that surface water is directed off the site and away <br />from the tops of slopes. Water should not be allowed to stand in any area where foundations, <br />slabs, or pavements are to be constructed. Final she grading In areas adjacent to a building should <br />slope away at least one to 2 percent, except where the area is paved. Surface drains should be <br />provided where necessary to prevent ponding of water behind foundation or retaining walls. A <br />discussion of grading and drainage related to pervious surfaces near walls and structures Is <br />contained in the Foundation and Retaining Walla section. <br />SLABS -ON -GRADE <br />The building floors can be constructed as slabs -on -grade atop non -organic native soil, or on <br />structural fill. The subgrade soil must be in a firm, non -yielding condition at the time of slab <br />construction or underslab fill placement. Any soft areas encountered should be excavated and <br />replaced wHh select, Imported structural fill. <br />GEOTECH CONSULTANTS, INC. <br />