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9 <br />4.1 SNAG TREE CREATION <br />Trees to be made into snags are live, sound conifer trees, including Douglas-fir, western <br />hemlock, and western redcedar. Designated trees shall be marked by the CITY prior <br />to Contract initiation. All trees are a minimum of 20-inch in diameter at breast height <br />(DBH), and typically range from 20-30” DBH. Table 1 lists the species and diameter for <br />each tree designated for snag creation as well as the number of trees to be made into <br />snags in each unit. At least 50% of the total number of trees in each unit (minimum <br />of 144 total trees in the project) must be killed and topped at a minimum height of <br />16 feet to create snags. The remaining trees (up to 144 total but no more than half <br />in any unit) may be live-topped 10 feet above 4 – 5 whorls of live limbs (usually 60’ <br />tall) to create decaying live trees (DLTs). Any snag tree in Units 3-8 that has the <br />potential to hit the powerlines or Lake Chaplain Road pavement must be topped as <br />opposed to live-topped. Any proposed changes to number of snags and DLTs created <br />must be approved in writing by the CITY’s Project Manager. Tops and limbs of all snags <br />and DLTs shall be left on-site to serve as downed wood. <br />In the event that the climber determines a specific tree to be unsafe to climb, an <br />alternate tree will be selected and substituted upon approval by the CITY’s Project <br />Manager. Snag trees may be swapped for trees of similar size and species upon <br />approval by the City’s Project Manager. <br /> <br />4.2 SNAG CREATION METHOD <br />The CONTRACTOR shall make designated trees into snags in accordance with the <br />following requirements. Table 1 shows the number of snag trees to be created in each <br />of the units. <br />A. TREE TOPPING (Snag Creation – at least 50% of the total trees in each <br />unit) <br />1. Tree trunks shall be severed completely at a minimum height of <br />20’. <br />2. All live branches shall have foliage removed and cut to <br />approximately two feet long. <br />3. As many dead branches should be left on the snag tree as is <br />possible. <br />4. Several vertical saw cuts two (2) to three (3) inches deep shall be <br />made completely across the cut top of the tree to create a jagged <br />top. <br />5. If necessary, limbs shall be cut from the underside of the felled <br />tree top such that the felled tree top lies in contract with the <br />ground.