5900 36TH AVE W SEPA 015 - 034 - SOUNDVIEW BUSINESS CAMPUS - VERITAS Land Use Decision Documents 2025-04-22

L LIFE HISTORY OF LISTED SPECIES BULL TROUT Adult Bull Trout ' Bull trout range from northern California to southeast Alaska. In the Puget Sound region bull trout have a wide distribution with 35 subpopulations in the Coastal/Puget Sound area. Nineteen of these are found in the Puget Sound Basin (King County —Ecology of the Bull Trout). Bull trout reach spawning maturity at 4 to 7 years and can live up to 12 years (Fish Passage Center). Bull trout typically spawn in the fall (Groot and Margolis, 1991), and prefer streams that have a cold groundwater upwelling component (Pratt, 1992) and water temperatures below 15°C (Rieman and McIntyre, 1993). Because bull trout can ' spawn multiple times, anadromous kelts migrate downstream after spawning. ' Sedimentation, elevated water temperatures, loss of LWD recruitment, restricted flows, and loss of pool habitat, all pose threats to bull trout. Juvenile Bull Trout Winter rearing areas for juvenile rearing should provide a stable and non -turbid stream flow during storm events. Bull trout prefer holding velocities of around 5 inches per ' second for fish greater than 4 inches, and 4 inches per second for fish less than 4 inches (Spence et al., 1996). Anadromous bull trout usually remain in freshwater for two to three years before emigrating to salt water (Wydoski and Whitney, 1979). Juveniles primarily rear in estuaries in the spring and summer. In early life stages, bull trout prey consists mainly of invertebrates. As fish grow they rely less heavily on invertebrates and may feed exclusively on fish (Bjornn, 1991). After entering marine waters, anadromous bull trout ' in Puget Sound feed mainly on fish including surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosis), herring (Clupea pallasi), and juvenile salmonids (Brown, 1994). ' CHINOOK SALMON The life history of Chinook Salmon is described in detail in Pacific Salmon Life Histories (Groot and Margolis, 1991) and is included herein by reference. A summary to assist in the discussion of effects of the proposed action is included below. Chinook Salmon occur on the Pacific Coast from central California to Alaska. In Puget ' Sound, Chinook generally return to their natal rivers in July or August. Chinook are one of the earliest fish to spawn, with spawning occurring from September through mid December (Salmon Watcher). After incubation, fry emerge and begin to travel ' downstream. Some travel directly to estuaries and the ocean while others may reside in the natal stream up to a year or more. The primary diet of Chinook in fresh water appears to be larval and adult insects. Many of the fry that migrate downstream rear to ' smolt size in river estuaries. Once leaving rivers and estuaries, Chinook enter the Pacific ocean where they range widely for a period of on average four to five years before returning to spawn and die.