5900 36TH AVE W SEPA 015 - 034 - SOUNDVIEW BUSINESS CAMPUS - VERITAS Land Use Decision Documents 2025-04-22

ethnographic records made available on the Washington Information System for Architectural and Archaeological Records Data (WISAARD) database; and selected published local historic records, including the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM's) General Land Office (GLO) Survey Records database, HistoryLink, Historic Map Works, the University of Washington's Digital Collection, and Washington State University's Early Washington Maps Collection. Thousands of years of human occupation in the Puget Sound area have been summarized in a number of archaeological, ethnographic, and historical investigations over the past several decades. These provide a regional context for evaluating the project area (Greengo 1983; Matson and Coupland 1995; Nelson 1990) and will not be repeated in great detail here (Table 1). Table 1. Summary of Regional Precontact-era Settlement Patterns' Period Date Range Characteristics Occupation sites located on uplands or upper river terraces, lithic workshops, and temporary hunting camps. Early 15,000-5,000 B.P. Artifact assemblages include a wide variety of flaked stone tools, such as fluted projectile points, laurel -leaf -shaped bifaces, and cobble tool industries suggestive of large game hunting, butchering and processing supplemented by riverine and marine fish and invertebrates Occupation sites represented by living floors, evidence of structural supports and hearths are more common during this period, representing specialized seasonal spring and summer fishing and root -gathering campsites and winter village locations, typically located adjacent to, or near, river or marine transportation routes. Middle 5,000-1,000 B.P. Large occupation sites often associated with fish weirs and other permanent constructions Evidence of task -specific, year-round activities including salmon and clam processing, woodworking, basket and tool manufacture. Shell middens appear in the archaeological record Artifact assemblages became diversified, with some regional variation. Tools were manufactured from ground stone, antler, and bone. Smaller triangular projectile points and notched stone projectile were common. Ethnographically described occupation sites consisting of large, plank houses established and persisted into the historic period. Similar economic and occupational trends persisted throughout the Puget Sound region until the arrival of European explorers. Subsistence shift to riverine and marine is complete, supplemented by terrestrial hunting and plant Late 1,000-250 B.P. resources. Activities are represented by organic materials (basketry, wood and foodstuffs) preserved in submerged, anaerobic sites, and sealed storage pits. Artifact assemblages consist of a range of hunting, fishing and food processing tools, bone and shell implements and midden deposits, as well as exotic trade goods. I a From Carlson 1990; Larson and Lewarch 1995; Morgan et al. 1999; Nelson 1990; Wessen and Stilson 1987. Tierra Archaeological Report No. 2014-077