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Tom Eiden J N 101 i 4 <br />June 21, 2010 Page 4 <br />differential settlements on the order of one-half inch in a distance of 50 feet along a continuous <br />footing with a uniform load. <br />Lateral loads due to wind or seismic forces may be resisted by friction between the foundation and <br />the bearing soil, or by passive earth pressure acting on the vertical, embedded portions of the <br />foundation. For the latter condition, the foundation must be either poured directly against relatively <br />level, undisturbed soil or be surrounded by level structural fill. We recommend using the following <br />ultimate values for the foundation's resistance to tateral loading: <br />,.. � <br />Coefficient of Friction 0.50 <br />Passive Earth Pressure 350 pcf <br />Where: (i) pcf is pounds per cubic foot, and (ii) passive earth <br />pressure is computed using the equivalent fluid density. <br />PERMANENT FOUNDATION AND RETAIN/NG WALLS <br />Retaining walls backfiiled on only one side should be designed to resist the lateral earih pressures <br />imposed by the soil they retain. i he following recommended parameters are for walls that restrain <br />level backfill: <br />Where: (i} pcf is pounds per cubic foot, and (ii) active and <br />passive earth pressures are computed using the equivalent fluid <br />pressures. <br />* For a restrained wall that cannot deflect at least 0.002 times its <br />height, a uniform lateral pressure equal to 10 psf times the height <br />of the wall shouid be added to the above active equivalent fluid <br />pressure. <br />The values given above are to be used to design permanent foundation and retaining walls only. It <br />is not appropriate to back-calculate soil strength parameters from the earth pressures and soil unit <br />weights presented in the table. The passive pressure given is appropriate for the depth of level <br />structural fill placed in front of a retaining or foundation wall only. The values for friction and <br />passive resistance are ultimate values and do not include a safety factor. We recommend a safety <br />factor of at least 1.5 for overturning and sliding, when using the above values to design the walls. <br />Restrained wall soil parameters should be utilized for a distance of 1.5 times the wall height from <br />corners or bends in the walls. This is intended to reduce the amount of cracking that can occur <br />where a wall is restrained by a corner. <br />GEOTECH CONSULTANTS, INC. <br />