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� <br />Junc 28,206 <br />David and Judy King <br />L&A Job No. 6A07G <br />Page l3 <br />• Thc minimum width should hc no icss than IG inchcs for continuous footings, and no less <br />than 24 inchcs for inJiviJual footings. <br />A onc-third incrcasc in thc abovc rccommendcd allowablc soil bca�ing prcssure mny be uscd <br />whcn considcring short-tcnn, transitory, wind or scismic luads. For footing foundations designcd <br />and conswctcJ per rccommcndations abovc, wc estimate that the maximum total �st- <br />construction setUcment of thc buildings should be 3/4 inch or Iess :uid thc dit%ren�ial setticmcnt <br />across building width should bc 1/2 inch or Icss. <br />Lnteral loads on buildings c.vi bc resisted by the friction force txhvicen the foundations and thc <br />subgradc soils or thc passivc ruth pressurc acting on thc bclow-gradc �rtion of thc foundations. <br />Por thc lattcr, the fi�undations must be pourcd "ncaP' against undisturhed soils or backfilled �vith <br />a cican, frco-Jraining, compnctcd swctural fill. Wc rccommcnd that an cquivalent 11uiJ dcnsity <br />(GFD) of 325 pcf (pounds per cubic fooQ for the passive carth pmssure bc used for laterol <br />resistnncc. 7�he abovc passive pressure assumes that the backfll is Ieve! or inclines up::�rd nway <br />1'rom thc foundations fur a horizonlal Jistance at lcasl twice the Jepth of the foundations beluw <br />the final grade. A coc117cicnt of friction of 0.G0 bctwecn the foundations and thc subgrade soils <br />may bc uscd. 7�hc abovr, soil parameten are unf'actured values, and a proper factor of safety <br />should bc uscJ in calculating ;i�c resisting torccs against latcril loads on the buildings. <br />PILG FOUNDA'I70Nti <br />1'ooting foundations pourcd on loosc fill, .0 cncountcrcd within thc footprint of thc west gurugc, <br />cnn result in �xcessivc sctUcmcnt which can cause structural damages. Pile foundations may be <br />uscd to pcnetmtc loose fill soils and scatcd into under thc underlying dense Lsperance Sand and <br />h,vd Whidbcy fo�mutior soils to transmit foundation loads safcly M the underlying competent <br />soils. I'ile tbimdations can also be used to reduce building seiback from top of bank of slope <br />A090 or more. We recommcnd stecl pin pilcs be used if pilc founclations have tu be used. Stcel <br />pin pilcs arc conswcted of small diamctcr stecl pipcs. We rccammcnd that steel pin piles be <br />LIU & ASSQCIATES, INC. <br />