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Fisher 3 Sons, Inc. JN 97282 <br />Page 7 <br />August 19, 1997 <br />a relatively short duration to allow for the construction of foundations, retaining walls, or uUlities. <br />Temporary cut slopes should be protected with piastic sheeting during wet weather. The cut <br />slopes shou;d also be backfilled or retained as soon as possibte to reduce the potential for <br />instability. Ptease note that fill soils may have varying densities and can cave suddenly and <br />without waming. Utiliry contractors should be made especially aware of this potenUa� danger. <br />All pertnanent cuts into native soii should be inclined no steeper than 2:1 (H:�. Fill siopes should <br />not be constructed with an inclination greater than 2:1 (H:V). <br />Drainage Considerations <br />Because the floor wiil be a slab-on-grade, we do not anticipate that footing drains will be required <br />for most of the structure. However, we recommend the use of footing drains at the base of <br />fooGngs, where (1) crawi spaces or basements will be below a sUucture, (2) a slab is below the <br />outside grade, or (3) the outside grade does not slope downward from a building. Drains should <br />also be placed at the base of all backfilled, earth-retaining wails. These drains shouid be <br />surrounded by at least 6 inches of 1-incli-minus, washed rock and then wrapped in non-woven, <br />geotextile filter fabric (Mirafi 140N, Supac 4NP, or similar material). At its highest point, a <br />pertorated pipe invert should be at least as low as the bottom of the footing, and it shouid be <br />sloped for drainage. All roof and surface water drains must be kept separate from the foundation <br />drain system. <br />The excavation and site should be graded so that surtace water is directed off the site and away <br />from the tops of slopes. Water should not be allowed to stand in any area where foundations, <br />slabs, or pavements are to be constructed. Final site grading in areas adjacent to the building <br />should slope away at least 2 percent, except where the area is paved. <br />General Earthwork and Structural Fill <br />The pavement in the building area should be stripped and removal prior to placement of structurai <br />fill. Structural fill. is defined as any fill piaced under a building, behind pertnanent retaining or <br />foundation walls, or in other areas where the underlying soil needs to support loads. All sVuctural <br />fill should be piaced in horizontal lifts with a moisture content at, or near, the optimum moisture <br />content. The optimum moisture content is that moisture content that results in the greatest <br />compacted dry density. The moisture content of fill is very important and must be closely <br />controlled during the filling and compaction process. <br />The allowable thickness of the fill liR will depend on the material type seiected, the compaction <br />equipment used, and the number of passes made to compact the lift. The loose lift thickness <br />should not exceed 12 inches. We recommend testing the fill as it is placed. If the fiil is not <br />compacted to specifications, it can be recompacted before another tik is placed. This eliminates <br />the need to remove the fill to achieve the required compaction. The following tabi3 presents <br />recommended relative compactions for structural fill: <br />GEOTECH CONSULTAMS, [D7C• <br />