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Reiman,et al.;Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2017,2.1 164 <br /> http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2017.0012 <br /> 111 <br /> Pyr <br /> 41% <br /> 70% s:. <br /> 60% <br /> 74% <br /> 28% 11 <br /> ' ` '' <br /> 23% dici , 1 <br /> Able to Experienced Cannabis side Cannabis more Cannabis just Prefer cannabis Would use more <br /> decrease opiate side effects effects more effective than as effective as to opiates as a substitute <br /> dose from opiates tolerable than opiates for pain opiates for pain if available <br /> opiates <br /> • Strongly Disagree " Disagree ■ Agree El Strongly Agree <br /> FIG. 2. Use of cannabis as a substitute/in conjunction with opioid-based pain medication (n=828). <br /> more likely to choose cannabis to treat their condition if tute for opioid-based pain medication. Echoing the <br /> it were more readily available (Fig. 2). results of Ware et al. and Abrams et al., patients in <br /> this study who are using cannabis and opioids report <br /> Cannabis and nonopioid-based medications that they are able to use less opioids and that cannabis <br /> Sixty-four percent of the sample(N=1751) reported tak- presents less unwanted side effects than their opioid- <br /> ing a nonopioid-based pain medication(e.g.,Tylenol) for based medication.9'11 In addition, 80% of patients <br /> their condition currently or in the past 6 months.Seventy- reported that cannabis by itself was more effective <br /> six percent of the sample reported taking a nonopioid- than their opioids. It is possible that the variability <br /> based pain medication along with cannabis currently of individual endocannabinoid and endo-opioid sys- <br /> or in the past 6 months. Ninety-six percent "strongly tems results in varying levels of efficacy between the <br /> agreed/agreed" that they do not need to take as much two treatments. For example, a recent review released <br /> of their nonopioid-based pain medication when they by the National Academy of Sciences reports conclu- <br /> use cannabis and 92% "strongly agreed/agreed"that can- sive evidence cannabis' efficacy in treating chronic <br /> nabis works better for their condition than a nonopioid- pain,but localized versus neuropathic pain might de- <br /> based pain medication. mand different approaches!' Cannabis has been <br /> As for preferring cannabis over nonopioid pain found to be very useful in treating neuropathic pain <br /> medication, 95% "strongly agreed/agreed" with this specifically!' <br /> statement. This study found a similar pattern of results when <br /> Similarly to the opioid pain medication group, 93% looking at substituting cannabis for nonopioid-based <br /> reported that they would be more likely to use cannabis pain medication like Tylenol and Advil. Research <br /> as a substitute if it were more readily available and eas- suggests that long-term use of these remedies might <br /> ier to access (Fig. 3). lead to organ damage.18 With cannabis not only be- <br /> coming more accepted in the mainstream but also <br /> Discussion coming in a variety of preparations, some of which <br /> Supporting the results of previous research,this study are nonintoxicating, more people are looking at can- <br /> can conclude that medical cannabis patients report nabis as a viable treatment for everyday ailments <br /> successfully using cannabis along with or as a substi- such as muscle soreness and inflammation. The <br />