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� � • LSI Adapt <br />Materials: Structural fill includes any fill materials placed under footings, pavements, dri��eways, and <br />other such structures. T37�ica] materials used for structural fill include: clean, well-graded sand and <br />gravel (pit-run); dea^ sand; crushed rock; controlled-density fill (CDF); lean-mix concrete; and various <br />soil mixtures of silt, .. nd, and gravel. Recycled concrete, asphalt, and glass, derived from pulverized <br />parent materials may also be used as structural fill. <br />Placement and Comnaction: Generally, CDF, and lean-mix concrete do not require special placement and <br />compaction procedures. In contrast, pit-run, s�nd, crushed rock, soil mixtures, and recycled materials <br />should be placed in horizontal lifts not exceeding 8 inches in loose thickness, and each lifr should be <br />thoroughly compacted with a mechanical compactor. Using the modified Proctor maximum dry densiry <br />(ASTM: D-1557) as a standard, we recommend that structural fill used for various on-site applications be <br />compacted to the following minimum densities: <br />Fill Aaplication <br />Slab/Footing subgrade <br />Gravel drive subgrade (upper 1 Sooi) <br />Gravel drive subgrade (below 1 fool) <br />Minimum Comoaction <br />90 percent <br />95 percent <br />90 percent <br />Suberades and Testinc: Regardless of location or material, all structu�al fill should be placed uver firm, <br />unyielding subgrade soils. We recommend that a representative from Adapt be retained to observe the <br />condition of subgrade soils before fill placement begins, and to pedorm a series of in-place density tests <br />during soil fill placement. In this way, the adequacy of soil compaction efforts may Ue evaluated as <br />earthwork progresses. <br />Fill Content: Soils used for structunl fill should not contain individual particles greater than about 6 <br />inches in diameter and should be free of organics, debris, and other deleterious materials. Given these <br />prerequisites, [he suitability of soils used for sWcmral fill depends primarily on the grain-size distribution <br />and moisture content of the soils when they are placed. When the "fines" content (that soil fraction <br />passing the U.S. No. 200 Sieve) increases, soils become more sensitive to small changes in moisture <br />content. Soils containing more than about 5 percent fines (by weight) cannot be consisiently compacted <br />to a firm, unyieldino condition when the moismre content is more than about 2 percentage points above <br />optimum. The near-surface soils al this site below the topsoil consist of silt}• sands witi� organics and <br />should be considered extremely moisture sensitive. The use of "clean" soil is necessary for fill placement <br />during wet-weather site work, or if the in-situ moisture content of the site soils is too high to allow <br />adequate compaction. Clean soils are defined as granular soils thai have a fines content of less than 5 <br />percent (by weight) based on the soil fractiompassing the U.S. No.3/4-inch Sieve. <br />CLOSURG <br />Sprinl PCS Augusi 4, 2003 �� <br />Adapt Projea No. WA03-9720 Page 9 �� <br />