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Opportunity Zone Development uc <br />June 8, M19 <br />JN 19152 <br />Page 9 <br />developed In the soil behind the no-load zone. The minimum grouted anchor length <br />should be 10 feet. The no-load zone Is the area behind which the entire length of <br />each tieback anchor should be located. To prevent excessive loss -of -ground in a <br />drilled hole, the no-load section of the drilled tieback hole should be backfilled with a <br />sand and fly ash slurry, after protecting the anchor with a bond breaker, such as <br />plastic casing, to prevent loads from being transferad to the soil In the no-load zone. <br />The no-load section could be filled with grout after anchor testing Is completed. <br />During the design process, the possible presence of foundations or utilities close to <br />the shoring wall must be evaluated to determine 8 they will affect the configuration <br />and length of the tiebacks. <br />Based on the results of our analyses and our experience at other construction shes, <br />we suggest using an adhesion value of 2,500 psf in the very dense native soils to <br />design temporary anchors, If the mid -point of the grouted portion of the anchor is <br />more than 10 feet below the overlying ground surface. This value applies to non - <br />pressure -grouted anchors. Pressure -grouted or post -grouted anchors can often <br />develop adhesion values that are two to three times higher than that for non - <br />pressure -grouted anchors. These higher adhesion values must be verified by load <br />testing. <br />Soil conditions, soil -grout adhesion strengths, and installation techniques typically <br />vary over any she. This sometimes results in adhesion values that are lower than <br />anticipated. Therefore, we recommend substantiating the anchor design values by <br />load -testing all tieback anchors. At least two anchors in each soil type encountered <br />should be performance -tested to 200 percent of the design anchor load to evaluate <br />possible anchor creep. Wherever possible, the no-load section of thesetiebacks <br />should not be grouted until the performance tests are completed. Unfavorable <br />results from these performance tests could require increasing the lengths of the <br />tiebacks. The remaining anchors should be proof -tested to at least 135 percent of <br />their design value before being 'locked off.' After testing, each anchor should be <br />locked off at a prestress load of 80 to 100 percent of its design load. <br />If caving or water -bearing soil is encountered, the Installation of tieback anchors will <br />be hampered by caving and soil flowing into the holes. It will be necessary to was <br />the holes, if such conditions are encountered. Alternatively, the use of a hollow - <br />stem auger with grout pumped through the stem as the auger is withdrawn would be <br />satisfactory, provided that the injection pressure and grout volumes pumped are <br />carefully monitored. <br />All drilled Installations should be grouted and backfilled immediately after drilling. No <br />drilled holes should be left open overnight. <br />Soil Nallina <br />Soil nailing is a shoring system where closely spaced, tieback anchors (nails) are grouted <br />into drilled holes in the cut face as the excavation proceeds, thereby reinforcing the cut <br />face. More anchors are required for this system than for conventional systems, but steel <br />soldier piles and timber lagging are eliminated. The anchored or nailed system essentially <br />operates as a reinforced soil wall or a gravity wall, with the nails tying the soil mass <br />OEOTECH CONSULTANTS, INC. <br />